How Do Trade, Investment Flows Affect Environmental...

How do trade, Investment flows affect environmental sustainability? Evidence from Panel data in Southeast Asia Abstract The inter-linkage between investment flows and trade and environmental sustainability is an extensively researched area. It has been marked that FDI is increasingly being directed to the developing countries in recent period, whose export basket is generally more intensive in primary products and manufacturing products. In this background, the recent study contributes to the existing merge of research by managing a panel data empirical analysis over 2000-2014 for Southeast Asian 9 countries to understand the relationship between investment flows and trade and environmental performance index (EPI) for countries. The regression results reveal that while environmental sustainability of countries is negatively related with merchandise export orientation and FDI outward movements, it is a positively manipulated by service exports. The findings also confirm a positive relationship between several politic economic factors (e.g. abundant democratic set up and lesser corruption) and environme ntal performance of countries. The empirical findings lend proof to the competition that investment flows and trade significantly affects environmental sustainability of Southeast Asia countries. Keywords Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, Environmental sustainability, Southeast Asia, Panel data Paper type Research paper 1. Introduction The international trade andShow MoreRelatedAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE MINING SECTOR IN NIGERIA15805 Words   |  64 Pagesthe environmental impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the mining sector in Nigeria. It is argued that only those countries that have reached a certain income level can absorb new technologies and benefit from technology diffusion, and thus reap the extra advantages that FDI can offer. The mining industry in Nigeria is dominated by oil. Indeed, Nigeria is the largest producer of this commodity in Africa and sixth largest producers in the world. This research study makes use of secondary data. TheRead Morehow globalization and environmental sustainability influence strategic management14776 Words   |  60 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY CHAPTER 9 Chapter 9 Globalization and environmental sustainability Economic globalization has multiple implications for environmental sustainability. The interactions are so numerous and so complex that it would be simplistic to affirm that the two are in conflict. 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International Finance Student Ref No: M00235713 Submitted to: Middlesex University Business School, London 2008/09 September 25, 2009 London, United Kingdom I Abstract Foreign direct investment (FDI) is taken as one of the key factor of rapid economic growth and development. FDI, it is believed to stimulateRead MoreProcurement in Oil and Gas Industry in Developing Countries Nigeria Agip12200 Words   |  49 Pagesmethodology, the data analysis and presentation of results leading to limitations and recommendations and a conclusion. A qualitative research design has been used to do the research. These research methods have been used by every researcher in a way or other and quality data has been accumulated to help these researchers to prove their viewpoint either statistically (quantitative) or by subjective analysis of earlier researches or direct observations of the subjects (qualitatively). The data sources used

The Insanity Selfish Personality Of Eugenio - 870 Words

The text juxtaposes the vulnerability of Leandra to the insanity selfish personality of Eugenio to discredit his character. The text sympathizes with Leandra’s vulnerability, because the men treat her as an object. Eugenio describes his attempt to wed Leandra as, â€Å"confident I could win the prize† (Cervantes 343). Eugenio objectifies Leandra by comparing her to a â€Å"prize,† causing the reader to question Eugenio’s purpose and sympathize with Leandra. This objectification continues when her father, â€Å"made her disappear†¦hoping that time would wear away some of the bad reputation† (Cervantes 345). The father doesn’t view Leandra as a daughter, rather an object that taints the family’s name. The reader begins to pity Leandra because the treatment she receives from the men. Yet the suffering that Eugenio claims that he endures seems comical when compared to Leandra’s suffering. When the reader first encounters Eugeni o, readers discover the shepherd begging his ewe â€Å"tell me, daughter, was it wolves that frightened you? Won’t you tell me, pretty little one† (Cervantes 341). The idea that Eugenio addresses the ewe as a human, suggests the text doesn’t expect the reader to take Eugenio seriously. Like Marcela, Eugenio also wishes to leave his role as an aristocrat and begin a new life as a shepherd. However, Cervantes takes issue with Eugenio’s transition from upper class to a lower class, evident with his reason for wanting to become a shepherd. Eugenio ironically reveals to Don Quixote

Child prostitution and pornography in Southeast As Essay Example For Students

Child prostitution and pornography in Southeast As Essay ia Child pornography and prostitution are two of the most disturbing issues in the world today. Millions of children, in virtually every country in the world, become victims of sexual exploitation. Access to child pornography and prostitution in Southeast Asia has increased during the 1990s due to the lack of government legislation and enforcement protecting children. Japan is the worlds global leader of child pornography on the Internet, whereas Thailand is famous for its sex tourism industry. Most if the children who fall victims to this horrible industry are forced by their parents to help pay off the family debt. Child pornography is the consequence of the exploitation or sexual abuse against a child. It can be defined as any means of depicting or promoting sexual abuse of a child, centered on a sexual act or the genital organs of children. It exists in three main forms, visual, audio and text. It is put to use by pedophiles as a tool to lower a childs inhibitions and by showing other children in pornographic poses, entice that child into compromising situations. These children range from a few months old to 18 years of age. It is these photographs, videotapes, films and magazines of children in sexual poses and acts that make up the multimillion dollar global world of child pornography. (Missing Children, 1997). Although child prostitution has been around for thousands of years, it has only achieved widespread recognition in the last few decades. One reason for its increasing popularity, especially overseas, is the nave belief that sex with a juvenile prostitute is safer than sex with an adult prostitute. On the contrary, children are more prone to sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea and HIV/AIDS, than adults. These children are victims of the most overlooked form of child abuse; they are vulnerable and crave attention, affection and love. (Missing Children, 1997). Prostitution is illegal in Thailand. Nevertheless, like all crime, it exists. Sexual intercourse with a minor is statutory rape and is punishable by imprisonment. In 1996, Thai laws were strengthened by new legislation, which significantly increased the penalties for those caught engaging in sex with a minor. The law targets customers, procurers, pimps, and owners and operators of brothels as well as parents who sell their children. The Thai law also provides for prison terms of up to ten years and heavy fines for anyone convicted of being involved in international commercial sex trade. The new legislation eased restrictions on the police, making it easier for them to enter and search suspected brothels and make arrests. The Royal Thai Government works closely with government and law enforcement agencies in other countries and with international organizations to attack the problem from the outside. Part of these efforts is aimed at preventing known sex offenders and publishers of pornography from entering Thailand. The Government monitors the activities of tour agents abroad who promote sex tours, in an attempt to prevent their customers from entering the country. Those who engage in sexual activity with minors are subject to arrest and imprisonment. The Thai police increased surveillance of suspected child molesters and have made numerous arrests resulting in convictions and long-term prison sentences. Information is now given to all tourists visiting Thailand advising them of the law and the penalties for violating it. The Royal Thai Government is committed to ending the problem of child prostitution. (Royal Thai Embassy, 1997). Poverty is the most important factor contributing to the growth of child prostitution. The International Labour Organization says that since the Asian financial crisis 2 years ago, children have increasingly become involved in dangerous and illegal activities such as prostitution and drug trafficking. (BBC News, 1999). .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 , .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .postImageUrl , .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 , .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55:hover , .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55:visited , .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55:active { border:0!important; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55:active , .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55 .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uccfa62e3900ab42e12a42c63342a0f55:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Equal Human Rights Essay UNICEF estimates that approximately 250,000 children are bought and sold for sex in Thailand alone. (BBC News, 1997). Many of these children do not see themselves as victims. Ten years ago parents forced most child prostitutes into it, now many volunteer. The victims are school children who want the money so they can live what they see as a luxurious lifestyle. (CNN, 1999) Japan is the worlds global-leader of child pornography on the Internet. Hundreds of pornographic images of children flood Internet sites with addresses ending in jp, .

Women in Sports Broadcasting Challenges and Achievements Essay Example

Women in Sports Broadcasting: Challenges and Achievements Essay Women have fought with men in many aspects and fields since the earliest times. While there are number of significant successes where women have proven their abilities and worth in their respective domains, the undeniable reality of gender discrimination continues. In fact, prejudice against professional women never ceases to exit despite concrete manifestations of women’s achievements.The area of sports broadcasting is a concrete example where the battle between men and women is very evident but it is also where women have already shown their triumphs despite continuing hardships. Thus it is unfortunate to note that the primary objective of women in sports broadcasting, which is to carry on with their respective task, is still hampered with many obstacles.Hence, it is empirical that an increased awareness be made in order for the public to realize that a healthy competition between men in women in sports broadcasting should exists. Ultimately, regardless of the challenges whi ch women in sports broadcasting face, they eventually emerge to be successful just like their male counterparts.In fact, gone are the days when it is normal for sports broadcasting organizations and sports shows in particular to be composed of only the male population. This is proven with the emergence and continued influences of women sports broadcast journalists and professionals in various sports broadcast events and sports industries. While women in sports broadcasting are still outnumbered by the male population, efforts are being exerted to equalize the playing field.The entry of women into the world of sports broadcasting apparently only resulted from the action of male sports media practitioners to offer a limited portion to what they perceive as just a marginal population. Through the years, however, women journalists and professionals in sports broadcasting have slowly made their presence felt and even pose a threat against their counterparts. This was after they have prov en that despite the challenges, they are capable to do what the men have performed and even surpass them in no time.Women in Sports Broadcasting, the ChallengesThe challenges facing women in sports broadcasting are acknowledged realities for the sector. This is because such tests have proven to eventually bring out the best in women broadcast journalists to keep up a good fight against their male colleagues and ultimately succeed in the business. In fact, even the very organization of these women broadcast journalists has attested to the fact its members are continued to be confronted with many industry challenges.According to the Association for Women in Sports Media or AWSM, challenges will continue to play a big part in the performance of their professions. However, it is through the same trials that its members draw their strength and perseverance to do their jobs.Additionally, the association aims to show that challenges will not be detrimental to their broadcast journalism pro fession and that such incidents will enable them to achiever and even surpass the success achieved by men in sports broadcasting.In particular, AWSM President Jenni Carlson wrote in the organization’s newsletter that the challenges within the industry have resulted into women sports broadcast journalists and professionals to be removed from their respective employments. Carlson (2008) added that the profession has continued to be faced with hard times with their members particularly the seniors and experts losing their occupations (Carlson, 2008).The AWSM President attributed this current challenge with the helplessness of veteran women in sports broadcasting field to adapt with the required extended and advance proficiencies and also to cope up with the development of the profession (Carlson, 2008).Aside from the challenges experienced by senior women in sports broadcasting, Carlson also stated that even their new members were not spared from feeling the hardships of being i nto this line of work. She revealed that new AWSM members are already besieged to search for internship opportunities which will pave the way for their professional growth as well as develop their experience and the network they are working for or represent (Carlson, 2008).Simply put, both the veteran and new women on sports broadcasting are susceptible to industry challenges. In fact, these struggles made it appear for the profession not to be totally welcoming and responsive to the emergence of women journalists. This is because the main challenge of gender discrimination has yet to be settled today and yet these women professionals are already experiencing additional struggles while exercising their jobs and in their objectives to succeed in the field.A number of views have been declared unfair as regard the challenges facing women in sports broadcasting. A specific challenge is the fact wherein a very limited women population eventually ends up having a notable sports position s uch as being an athletic director (Kennedy, 2006).The struggle was attributed to the reality that men in sports broadcasting are able to carry on with the job in a better and more effective manner. Additionally, not many women broadcast journalists and professionals are interested or keen to be involved in this kind of highly stress-related position (Kennedy, 2006).Since sports broadcasting is regarded as â€Å"the dream job† because of the opportunities to meet famous sports personalities, women professionals tend to struggle to work long hours and meet the demands of such highly hectic task. Hence, if women broadcast journalists are not broadcasting or working on other task assigned by the network, chances are they are still researching and finding ways to improve their craft. In fact, they have to regularly carry on with their job while at the same time still learn their profession. This is because of the rigid rivalry between them and their male counterparts and the requi rements of their profession (Kennedy, 2006).Above all the mentioned struggles, gender problem still hurts the industry. Particular incident of gender discrimination is evidently exemplified within the industry with male broadcaster directly showing prejudice against female broadcaster. In fact, the statement that while women should not be restricted in the kitchen but they do not definitely fit in the dugout is a direct attack or discredit not only on a particular person but the female population in general (Kennedy, 2006). While the problem has notably improved over the last years, women in sports broadcasting should still continue to guard their right and dignity against any kind of gender-related discriminations which their male counterparts are still capable to do (Kennedy, 2006).The issue or problem on the challenges facing women is also attributed to what statistics are showing. This is because the apparent big gap between the ratio of male broadcasters as compared with female broadcaster results into opportunities likely to favor the majority and sadly, prejudice tends to harm more the minority. Citing Dodds, Slagle wrote that women in sports broadcasting meet the test of desiring to be received in a profession which does not tend to get the services of women (Slagle, 2007).Once into the profession, women broadcast journalists are subjected to persecution and isolation. Also, a cold treatment from the male broadcasters follows when women opt to continue with their broadcast profession. However, the industry does not realize that in barring women, the field of sports broadcasting looses the chance to have the services of brilliant and knowledgeable women sports broadcasters (Slagle, 2007).Women in Sports Broadcasting, the AchievementDespite the real accounts of industry challenges and their harmful implications into the careers of women in sports broadcasting, there are specific stories that prove that indeed these women can succeed like men and even sur pass their achievements. Such condition hold true to the story of Nancy Lee, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s (CBC) first woman head of sports. Zelkovich wrote that Lee resolved on promoting the profile of women in sports broadcasting and female athletes as well. As CBC’s sports head, Lee is a total picture of success in a â€Å"league of her own† (Zelkovich, 2000).Zelkovich added that even if Lee is young in the profession, she was able to prove herself and went her way into achieving a position and eventually make the public realize that women definitely has a room and chance to succeed in the industry. In fact, the professional story of Lee has proven that women can compete, beat the challenges and even show men that they have the strength of character even in making difficult decision of removing one of the network’s male personalities from his position (Zelkovich, 2000). The professional triumph by Lee is only one of the many proofs which confirm the existing challenges facing her colleagues as well as the opportunity for a woman to succeed in a man’s world.ConclusionSports Broadcasting is one field in today’s modern world which offers both struggles and opportunities for women broadcast journalists and professionals to experience. These challenges are attributed to the fact that this profession was once only dominated by the male population. Hence, the entry of women into the field poses a threat and apparent insecurity among male professionals.Nonetheless, what could be done instead is for both men and women to work together in order to advance the interests of the sports broadcasting field and also with what it can offer more to the development of sports enthusiasts and the media industry in general. In doing so, this is will results into benefit rather than damage within the industry as well as among sports broadcasters in general.