Curcumin as an Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agent

Curcumin as an Antioxidant and Anti-inflam dragory AgentSeveral studies in novel years have demonstrated curcumin as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genethe battlefront of pertinacious inflammatory stimuli, which interrupt the physiologic healing mechanisms.An ideal biomedical device for anguish c be should promote the complete regeneration of the wound tissue, effectively restore itsbiological activity and aesthetic aspect, while reduce inflammation and preventing microbial invasion.1,2 Efforts for achieving this goal are leading to the replacement of handed-down passive products with advanced ones.3 Among these, alginate- found dressings are attr supple for their capability to release bio dynamic compounds and to assert a moist environment around the wound, promoting tissue granulation and re-epithelialization.4-8Typically they are available in form of freeze-dried foamsor non-woven microfibers, though capacious research interest is nowadays devoted towards nanofibro us matrices.Inflammation is a physiological response to wounding and is required for wound healing to progress. However, excessive or inappropriate inflammation provides an ideal environment for bacterial infiltration and proliferation and whitethorn ca riding habit serious health problems. So, the prolonged inflammation characterizing the chronic wounds is a promising target for therapeutic interventionsActive agents have been loaded in various of form of carriers much(prenominal) as foams,4 hydrogels,5 films,6 sponges,7 etc., and more recently in the form of polymeric nanofibers.3,8 These polymeric nanofibers have attracted special attention for use in wound dressings due to their very fine diameter, highly poriferous structure, and so on.1,9 A popular and inexpensive technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers is electrospinning (ES).3In particular, nanofibers produced by electrostatic spinning have high potentiality in the wound healing field because their porosity promotes nutrient transport and muff permeation, their morphological organization mimics the native tissue, and their mechanical properties can be engineered.5,9-11 The integral high originate area of nanofibers is also attractive for the speech communication of drugs and active agents.2,1The large fold area of the fiber matrix al humiliated for change magnitude interaction with the tissue,thereby serves as a substrate for the sustained delivery of bioactive molecules as surface as tomodulate cellular functions during regenerationNanofibers fictitious by ES have an extremely large specific surface area, high porosity, and good pore interconnectivity.10,11 These properties are very similar to the internal extracellular matrix structure that supports cell attachment and proliferation.12 It was found that active ingredients can be encapsulated directly into nanofibers by electrospinning a mixture ancestor containing an agent and a polymer.9,13 Because of their unique properties, the e lectrospun nanofibers can meet the ideal equirements for wound dressing in that they (1) promote a hemostatic phase, (2) provide a moist environment that stimulates wound healing, (3) protect the wound from bacterial penetration, (4) functionalize dressings by incorporating therapeutic agents, and (5) potentially leave no scars.1,14The use of biopolymers capable of ES for wound dressing is becoming inevitable because they can generate dear environmental products and easily be washed of the wound surface.1,3 A grade of biopolymers such as PVA,3PLA,11poly(urethane),14gelatin,15 chitosan,16 polycaprolactone (PCL),17 and some blends of these biopolymers have been electrospun and evaluatedfor wound dressing.PCL is a semi-crystalline polymer well known for its nonimmunogenicity, slow biodegradability, and highbiocompatibility.17,18 Due to its non-toxic in nature and conciliative mechanical properties, PCL is ideal material for wound dressing and tissue engineering.18,19 Although PCL na nofiber mat closely mimics the natural extracellular matrix, its hydrophobicity reduces cell attachment.addition of PEG in PCL result in high cell affinity and porous surface of the nanofiber mats and support cellproliferation.Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid contained in legion(predicate) congeal extracts 1. Many polyphenolic compounds, including chrysin, are known to have multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammation 2,3, anti-cancer 4,5, anti-oxidation 6,7, and estrogenic effects 6Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone structure shown in Fig. 1), a flavonoid, is the main(prenominal) component of Oroxylum indicum ( Sun et al., 2006), which is one herbal medicine everydayly use in China and other East Asian countries, and has been officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for a long time (Editorial committee, 1999). Like other flavonoids, chrysin exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects, including antioxidant (Chaudhuri et al. , 2007), anti-inflammatory (Fishkin and Winslow, 1997), anticancer (Habtemariam, 1997) and antihypertension (Villar et al., 2002). Chrysin also has the potential for clinical and therapeutic applications against the physiological and biochemical effects of aging (Chakraborty et al., 2009).In maliciousness of these unique biological activities of curcumin, the in vivo stability andbioavailablity of the molecule is very lowHere we show that dressings constituted by electrospun nanofibers of sodium alginate containing lavender substantiveoil are effective for the treatment of UVB-induced shinny injuries. In vitro studies revealed that these tout ensemble natural systems werehighly biocompatible and able to inhibit the proliferation of S. aureus. Together with antibacterial activity, the produced alginate based nanofibers expressed a remarkable anti-inflammatory efficacy that was demonstrated in vitro on lipopolysaccharide stimulated human foreskin fibroblasts, and in vivo on gnawer model of UVB burns. In particular, a significant decrement of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed for both cells and animals. Interestingly, no marks of erythema were detected on the skin of the injured animals that were treated with the electrospun dressings, indicating that the treatment promptly stopped the inflammatory response. other than from other topical preparations for the management of burn wounds, the here described biomedical devices perform dual functions (antibacterial and anti-inflammatory) and, thus, have potentialities to fill the void of multifunctional dressings that the market is tranquillize facingThe objective of this orbit was to develop curcumin loaded PCL nanofibers by the butt of electrospinning and to evaluatethe biological activity of the curcumin loaded fibers using in vitro and in vivo methods. We investigated the feasibility of developing bead free curcumin loaded PCL nanofibers by unequivocal the elecrospinning parameters. The bioactivity of encapsulated curcumin in the nanofibers was investigated using various in vitro methods and comparisons were made against the corresponding PCL nanofibers. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of the curcumin loaded PCL fibers vs PCL fibers was evaluated using healing impaired diabetic reverse model.in view of the high level of oxidative stress and sour inflammation associated with delayedhealing in diabetic wounds, the present study was conducted to investigate the temporal wound healing potential of topically use curcuminin diabetic ratsThe increased oxidative stress is one of the most common complications for the delayed wound healing in diabetics 3. Therefore, reduction/ termination of the persistent inflammation and elimination of free radicals by the introduction of an anti-inflammatory agent and antioxidant into the treatment of wounds could be an important strategy to improvehealing of diabetic wounds.