Just by Faith Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Just by Faith - Term Paper ExampleIt is plunder that galore(postnominal) religions find customaryality in that they believe that it is faith that drives them to believe and stand fast in their belief. Most religions such as Islam, Judaism and Christianity believe in a sense of morality and justice plainly the idea of a human being divine and one with God is considered to be pagan and antonym to the foundation of many religions. No one can reach Gods status, not by works, nor by faith. Humans are at a certain standing and God determines and dictates their outcome. Even in the Christian sect, there are people who oppose the notion that delivery boy was both human and God. Does a leader who possesses such religious knowledge need to be sanctioned in order to be of any value to the human race? Is following Jesus and rejecting his divinity contradictory in genius? Love Wins, a quote often used by a pastor from Grand Rapids Michigan, named shear Bell says it all. In his teaching, a nd his preaching, he teaches the congregation that it does not really matter what the details say, what matters in the annul is Love. The give-and-take says that God loved the world so much that he gave his one and only password that whoever believed in him, would not die, but would have eternal life. Do they believe that God gave his son to the world, or do they believe that God loved the world so much? There are many faces to this one verse that is loaded with meaning. Pastors try to decipher its essence but find it difficult to emit for God. John piper says If the countersign is coherent, then understanding the Bible means grasping how things fit together. decent a Biblical theologian means seeing more and more pieces fit together into a glorious mosaic of the divine will. And doing exegesis means querying the text about how its many propositions cohere in the authors mind. The Bible is up for interpretation and God speaks into words to make understanding easier. In the Ch ristian realm, Jesus is Lord. (Maier) Jesus is God but in the flesh. As sinners, it is believed that our sin was paid for by Jesus dying on the cross. Could there have been any other substance? God himself says that He is Lord and there is no one higher than He. But why so much controversy on this particular love? All three religions Christianity, Judaism and Islam believe in Jesus. They just believe that Jesus had a different purpose. The details of each religion varies greatly, neither are good or bad, they just are. (Jesus The Islamic and Christian views of parity differentiated)Christians believe that Jesus is God in the flesh. Jews consider Jesus to be a prophet and in the long run, missed the boat when he came to earth to save His very own people. However, what is Jesus and is it classic that he be ordained from above to make a difference in this world? It is sort that this is not the case. Jesus walked and breathed scripture. He knew scripture by heart but he had to sh ape it. We have little account of Jesus when he was a young child and a teenager. The Bible is vague in that it speaks of his miracles but fails to explain the surrounding text. The Bible itself is written in a way that it allows people, common and theologians to interpret it. Pastors spend years and years attempting to make sense of written scripture that was point long before they were even born. Biblical scholars and Scientists use their academic credentials to bring what they feel to be the truth, alive in their minds. Geologists study rocks dating back to the time that Jesus supposedly walked the earth. In addition, the common people attempt to depend on what little they have. What they do know is that their Faith has carried them thus far. If we compare a divine being, anointed or not, to a school teacher, you can find much similarity. It is assumed that this person would

HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRD - see ExampleOne aspect that has to be considered is the utilization foc pulmonary tuberculosisd evaluation (UFE) approach that seeks to maximize ownership, understanding, and use of findings by the mean user (Stetson, 2). All stakeholders have to be involved in all stages of an evaluation, enraged from sensitizing an outsider evaluator about the program context, improving accuracy of reported findings, and finally identifying some(prenominal) feasible recommendation that has to be implemented (Stetson, 3). Below is a case study of an evaluation fulfill in Global Net Inc., a giant IT Organization.After visiting the human resources department for the intended interview, a exercise from the department was obligated to answer to our questions and take us with the enlarge incumbrance program. According to the representative, a program that had been reviewed in the last one year was the grad recruitment program. The potash alum recruitment program according to the representa tive was critical to the company it is a strategic program through which the company outsourced quality graduates from leading universities to join the brass family. The graduate recruitment program according to the representative was strategically designed such that it included representatives from all departments who responsible for taking the graduates through a detailed and vigorous orientation program in two weeks the program involves close observation of each graduates abilities, knowledge, ease to learn, and assimilate content, effective communication, and attitude, and a report prepared on each graduate. The graduates who constitute the highest on both genders are thus selected to join the organization from the training school coordinated by the human resources department.According to the representative, the primary purpose of carrying out the evaluation was a demand by the organization departmental heads to evaluate the recruitment program and determine if it corresponded to the

Globalisation and International Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Globalisation and International Politics - Essay ExampleFortunately, the poor countries debt relief swap by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (Rosenberg, 2005, 45), has been one among the significant changes, which suck up resulted from the knock-down(prenominal) protests and demonstrations, linked to international political delivery. Adding to that, the workability of markets has not been up to the expectations of many key players in the markets. For instance, the past fewer age have marked significant progress for many nations in terms of progress, while most enounces have had their victimisation deteriorate. In some cases, the progress in development of some nations has altered within a small margin over the past few years, as the political economies of such state has been affected by globalisation in small extents. All the happenings in the past few years have seen the challenging of institutions, strategies and beliefs. As an example, the functionality of the institutions concerned with the sparing governance at the global platform and the development doctrines that are internationally accepted have faced attacks from the western economists (Stiglitz, 2003, 97). At the same time, global issues have pressurised the urge of addressing the big problems that have prevailed in Africa over the past few years. ... The term is mostly associated with the economic aspect, which involves the production of services and goods, and how they are distributed the progress in reducing the elements that inhibit trade internationally. Such factors lots include import quotas, the export fees and tariffs (Sepulchre, Arcak & Teel, 2002, 524). Thus, globalisation defines the process by which national economies integrate increasingly, to global economy. On the other hand, the term political economy refers to the study of how goods and services are produced, bought and sold (Amoore, 2000, 72), and how these processes relate with the government, syste m and law. These processes also relate with how the wealth and income of a nation are distributed. The term owes its origin to the moral philosophy, and has braggy over time to be the study of the states economies. Globalisation and the political economy have interconnections to the sense that, in the present world, most issues surrounding globalisation are politically oriented, and thus, globalisation is a major factor in the political economy. Globalisation plays a vital role in shaping the international political economy in a diverse spectrum. Ways in which Globalisation Shapes International Political delivery In the better internalisation of the basic organisation of our societies, the strong interrelation between wealth and federal agency has been a critical factor. For the past few years, the richness in the political economy has been unveiled by international relations. Currently, the international relations are a key issue that explains the operation and evolution of the economy of the present world (Dilip, 2001, 168). The relations often include public policy shaping, the steps taken by regulatory systems and

Introduction to Business........VIII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Business........VIII - Essay ExampleLeadership qualities ar not possessed by every manager. The manager must have a charismatic character and the influential power to become a good leader.3. Human skills are identified as the might of an individual to work effectively and in agreement with other people. A person who has good gentle skills bed interact and cooperate more effectively with others and erect use it as a precious asset in team work. An individual possessing homosexual skills, has good etiquette, can handle difficult people, and can negotiate well with others to convince them on his or her terms.e. Self-actualizing Needs this is the highest level that a person can reach. On this level, he or she is not concerned about others opinions and is more interested in experiencing his or her full potentialTheory Y, on the other hand, assumes that an average person seeks responsibility and wants to work. He or she can be motivated and committed to their work if they see rewards such as self-fulfillment. Therefore chthonian this theory, the motivator for an individual is his or her need of self-fulfillment and this can be used to create harmony between the personal and organizational goals.6. Operational planning comes under the strategic work plan. It describes how the business is to effectuate the milestones and objectives. This is make through putting a portion of the strategic plan into action which is to be realized within the duration of the operational period. Generally, this period is equal to a fiscal year.8. Strategic Planning is done on the senior management level of the organization. It defines the overall strategy of the business. The strategic plan gives the business a direction and states how that plan is going to be achieved. It also includes planning of resources, such as capital and human resource.9. Generation Y include those people who are born in the period from mid mid-seventies to the early 2000s.

Are we in recession and what effect will it have on the middle class Research Proposal

Are we in recession and what exercise will it have on the middle class - Research Proposal ExampleThis shows how many factors stern work together to create a holistic idea some the current state of the economy. many another(prenominal) look to the mortgage industry and its impact on financial sectors for a more specific answer. The mortgage industry is currently affecting the consumer and banks in complicated ways. There is a lot of media coverage about it and there is at times the atmosphere of panic, with economists over-valuing the impact of the current mortgage industry and also predicting things that be in no way true. However, a recession is denoted by six months continuous drop in GDP, whereas the GDP has actually grown in recent quarters. Therefore, the impact on the consumer may be over-valued, plainly in any case, the recession has left lasting effects. Home prices are now deflating at a 32% annual rate versus 8% six months ago. And the deflation is sure to intensify as the 4.6 million hot and existing homes still sitting on the market find a clearing price (Up, 2010). The mortgage industry currently also affects other zones of enterprise other than the middle class consumer, such as financial intermediaries including commercial banks.

Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Business Economics - Essay ExampleThe manufacturers also be faced with a situation where they have to lower the return of laptops and instead focus on the takings of tablet computers. An example of tablet computers is the iPad. In the last one year, netbooks and laptops have been hit the hardest by the sunrise(prenominal) consumer appetite. Due to this netbook shipments declined by 53%, while desktop PCs make fell by 15.4%, over the same period. (Halliday, 2011)The process above can be explained economically using the demand and tally theory. Demand is simply the vendees desire and ability to pay for a price of a given commodity. Supply and demand meet due to one thing- Supply. Thus, where a seller is offering to draw a commodity at the level of price that a purchaser is ready to pay then, the purchaser and the seller are at an agreement point known as market equilibrium. (Ball and Seidman, 2011 pp9, 10)Demand and supply concepts are basically the most primary concepts of the field of economics. It forms the core of a market economy desire that of the U.K. Price serves as a reflection of the effects of demand and supply on the market. This relationship that exists amongst supply and demand is the one that drives resource allocation.To understand this concept further, and to be able to understand it in the context of laptops, the laws of demand as well as supply are going to be looked at. The demand law, simply states that, ceteris paribus, the high a commoditys price is, the less will the demand be for that commodity. That of supply states that, the higher the price of a commodity, the higher the supply of the same commodity will be. Therefore, the higher the levels of prices, the lesser the demanded quantity of a commodity.In the scenario of the study, it is the demand of laptops that declines due to an introduction of a new flip-flop product in the market. Due to this, the demand curve would shift leftwards to reflect a decline in laptops demand.A lso, as the laptops

Marketing Mix of Coca-Cola Company Research Paper

Marketing Mix of Coca-Cola Company - Research Paper ExampleA brief verbal description of each of the elements of marketing is as follows1. Product The convergence is defined as the decision made rough the attributes of service or product that will be marketed by the company such as safety, marque name, quality, features, durability, style, design, functionality and etc.2. Price Price is the cost that a buyer will pay for purchasing the product or service of the company. The pricing decision comprises of elements such as seasonal pricing, full pricing, bundle pricing, discounts for cash in payments, Retail price, Pricing strategy and etc.3. Place The place is described as the decision to the highest degree the distribution of the products or services that is where the customer will access the companys offerings. The key areas to cipher are distribution channels, warehousing, transportation, logistics and etc.4. Promotion Promotion is the way by which a company conveys the i n demand(p) message to the customers and it comprises of various marketing activities such as Advertising on Television, Public Relations, Internet advertising, posters, billboards, face-to-face selling and etc.

Globalisation and Economic Sociology Term Paper

Globalisation and Economic Sociology - Term Paper Example polar nations of people alive(p) in one city, like Lenovo even uping unity in diversity with so many cultures and traditional values. Different languages are spoken. Municipalities also register an inevitable growth and they have to provide transportable roads fervor the roads, similarly and should be committed to providing amenities of international standard to being globalization. The technology is no more than permitted, limited to a particular part of the world. It is exchanged in order to serve the public with the up-to-the-minute technology. The lump is no bigger.Globalization and economic sociology represent a single economy. Single technology, efficiency, and quality of the products should be of high standard. Because of globalization and sociology, there is conspicuous change with the social life industries. One shall meat and incur across different rest of different nationals represent at one score. Different sets of different nationals represent diversified cultures, different languages are spoken at one and the like place, and at one and the same time. They come to know each other from a closer proximity. The intimacies develop relationships pave way for greater understanding. The social pavilion of life is set to rolling. Broader outlook develops into the more knowledgeable and understanding environment. There impart be a great impact on the urban sociology patterns of life. The world becomes a small place respectively inevitable economic growth, a pleasant knowledge-based environment. The world is no bigger, thoughts of seeing the world the globe on a huge unknown has become so small so much bunghole be felt immensely. The development may fold big colonies. A lot of departmental stores go away enter into the market to cater to the necessitate of the conglomeration. The branded cloth stores, all varieties clothes grocers, food needs and other essentialities shall be ushering with magnificence providing job opportunities for skilled and unskilled. The development shall develop many folds.

Visual Argument Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual Argument - Research Paper ExampleJudging from the first event of seeing this optical argument, the researcher of this paper thinks that Nike is supposedly advocating freedom to do what you want, breaking barriers and conquering limits (especially when acquire Nike products), which is in this case invoked by the freedom of the boy peeing on a wall. This argument would be analyzed further in the next part of the paper. In order to evaluate carefully the visual argument of Nikes ad, the researcher would try to use the three rhetorical appeals ethos (credibility), logos (logical reasoning and evidence), and as well as pathos (emotional appeal). In this case, the visual argument would be evaluated according to ethos logos and pathos, in that order, through using the text, the design, and as well as the image of this particular visual argument. In auxiliary to this, the researcher would also cite the opinion of a colleague on Nikes visual argument, wherein the researcher would r eact from his opinion. Using the first rhetorical appeal of ethos, the researcher thinks that Nikes visual argument really compromises the credibility of the rhetoric that Nike is trying to point out.

The Rise of China And Its Positive Impact On the Trend In World Essay

The Rise of China And Its Positive furbish up On the Trend In World Politics - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that the global economic framework that exists with 5the commandment function of financial supervision was created in 1974 by the G7 nations in which China is a partisan member. The framework is the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) China is able to contribute positively to the trends in world politics through the observation of the various governing rules and standards that dictate its engagement with institutional bodies and separate key industrial players. Voluntary standards imposed on minimum capital rules derived from banks aim to correct challenges ND problems of high leveraged loans instabilities occurring in transnational markets between banks, competitive inequality problems and race to the bottom regulatory. This paper makes a conclusion that China has been seen to adopt the Badel Capital Adequacy Accord that is referred to as Basel 1. The G10 cou ntries decide to adopt the principle that required the member states of which China is inclusive to have an 8% holding capital that was measurable of their boilersuit risk-weighted assets. Big global banks challenged the Basel 1 framework and sort for an internal risk model that was going to still the competition that existed among the global industrial players. It therefore led to the formation of a reviewed framework Basel 2 that outlined the mechanisms of market self-regulations. However, the new regulation only favored the high economic powe4rs and the developed countries gained less from the rule.

Beethoven Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

van Beethoven - Research Paper ExampleWhereas he remains one of the most strong recognized and famous classical composers, scholars still debate what the ultimate cause of Beethovens comprehend going away might have been. Beethoven himself described its onset as a troublesome band in his ears. Medical professionals at that time as well as today believe that the rail could have been brought on by an acute illness that he suffered during early adulthood. Whatever the cause, Beethoven began to project a noticeable level of assaying loss by the age of 26. Scholars are aware of this referable to the fact that it was at this age that Beethoven first mentioned that the fall uponing loss was troubling him in his concord to friends and family. As one might expect, for someone as passionate about music as was Beethoven, such(prenominal) a loss was tantamount to complete and total defeat and desolation. Within his own correspondence it was noteworthy that he even experienced suicidal thoughts at times due to the fact that the interview loss was affecting his ability to maintain a positive and optimistic attitude. As such, bouts of severe depression ensued by which Beethoven contemplated ending his life. However, the hearing loss was gradual and Beethoven was not aware at any(prenominal) one particular point during the hearing loss process that he would ultimately be wholly and completely deaf.... lthough a definitive date does not exist by which Beethoven completely and on the whole could be considered deaf, it is widely reported that the first time he experienced complete and total deafness was at the premier of the 9th symphony arguably his magnum opus. At this time, Beethoven reportedly went out on the peak at the conclusion of the symphony and was greeted by rapturous applause. However, due to the fact that he could not hear this, he felt initially that his work was a commercial and professional failure and began to cry heavily.1 unconstipated this de bacle and embarrassment was not enough to discourage Beethoven from performing publically. Several public performances with Beethoven as a featured musician took place following the debacle of the 9th Symphony. However, during the performance of the Piano Concerto no(prenominal) 5, Beethoven was forced to allow his student Carl Czerny to perform as he could no longer hear the music or the beat and keep time with the other musicians. Though it is true that Beethoven was not completely and entirely deaf at this stage, he was unable to hear certain pitches of music and could still hear the very lowest bass notes. Recent scholarship into Beethovens music later the year 1814 notes the fact that his loss of hearing helped to alter the music after this period of time as compared to the music composed before it. What is meant by this is that the music prior to 1814 included something of an equal composition of both(prenominal) eminent pitches and low pitches within the score. Although i t is true that there remain a profound number of high pitches within Beethovens music post 1814 (or after the time in which acute hearing loss profoundly impacted upon the way in which he composed music), it can be quick noted that as a direct result of his hearing

Evaluate the impact of the internet on business Essay

Evaluate the impact of the network on business - Essay Example net income alone has been able to change the selling strategies of several businesses and social media is one net outlet that has sincerely contributed heavily towards the evolution of new marketing activities. Electronic business which is often titled as e-business is a status used to refer to the huge range of business operations that are conducted online and these activities take base between stakeholders of a business that are located within and outside the organization (Columbus, 2000, p.240). One of the premier organizations to define the concept of e-business was IBM. They stated that e-business is the alteration of signifi sack upt business operations with the utilization of internet (Garbade, 2011, p.20). The term is even used to refer to kind of exchange or transaction that may take ordain between different parties through the means of internet and is quite different as compared to the traditional flair of performing business activities in which the physical presence of both the buyers and sellers used to be required. The success of e-business and the benefits of e-business to organizations can be realized through the e-commerce sales figure of $343 billion experienced by US businesses attested during the period of 2012 by Plunkett Research (Plunkettresearch.com, 2013). The importance of use of internet in marketing activities have been recognized as Plunkett Research figured out that during the period of 2012, 24% of all marketing activities conducted by US organizations was through online channels (Plunkettresearch.com, 2013). On the other hand are those who believe that internet has negatively wedged the world of business and measures should be taken to counter these negative impacts. This writing will argue that internet has more benefits to offer than disadvantages and if used in the appropriate manner, it can help business flourish. Body E-business has aided businesses in reaching their target market in various methods and has even assisted businesses in change magnitude their market shares with limited amount of investments. According to Boone, the internet has made it possible to reach various customers in several ways that were unknown to businesses before it evolution and the main benefit that has been identified by Boone is that internet has made it possible for businesses to cater to the needs of customers throughout the world (Boone, 2012, p.105). This means that internet has eliminated boundaries that divided countries from countries and restrict businesses to cater the need of limited number of people. The opponents argue that although internet has helped businesses cross domestic boundaries and has allowed even low-down scale businesses to operate in the global world, this feature of internet has increased the competition for topical anesthetic businesses and local businesses are shutting down due to their failure to compete. In my opin ion, this is not necessarily a disadvantage and is rather an advantage for local businesses and has helped them in realizing that they need to operate in a much in force(p) and efficient manner if they have to survive the competition. Internet has even assisted organizations in decreasing their intake on advertisement and marketing and this feature has even lead to increase in the power of the transnational organizations. Internet based advertising and promotion is almost free of cost. Basic level internet marketing such as creation of blogs and creation of WebPages on Facebook does not cost organizations a dime. If

The role of the diversity of workplace play in china Dissertation

The role of the innovation of body of work play in china - Dissertation ExampleThis look study analyzes motley in the Chinese organizations and the role of diversity at the work. This explore study identifies the benefits that the organizations force out have by having diversity at the piece of work. The researcher has used primary as well as secondary data to collect information regarding the topic under study. Primary data is collected utilize online questionnaire from different employees working in Chinese organizations. On the other hand, secondary data is collected from books, journal articles, and published papers. So, both primary and secondary data collection methods have helped the researcher in conducting a better research. 2. Introduction This research study focuses and analyzes the diversity of forgiving resource in organizations and the role of diversity in the organizations particularly in Chinese organizations. The research study analyzes the overall situation at the workplace in different businesses in China in order to analyze how important businesses consider diversity of human resource. ... The research study collects primary data from a number of employees that are working in China in order to analyze whether the organizations in China focuses on diversity in the workplace or not. 2.1. Background 2.1.1. Diversity Diversity in an organization has been defined as an organizational finale that does not have any kind of discrimination on the basis of the gender, age, language, employment, caste, disability, religion, culture, geographical background, and other racist factors of the employees (Esty, 1995). 2.1.2. Equal Employment Opportunity Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 has been presented about discrimination of employees at the organizations. This federal law is aimed to protect the employees from discrimination at the workplace on the basis of religion, sex or national origin and other discriminatory factors. Equal emplo yment opportunity (EEO) is defined as offer equal opportunities and equal treatment is given to all the employees in the organization without any kind of pain in the neck or discrimination. It has been found that diversity has become an important aspect today for businesses as organizations that have different employees are more innovative, creative, plan things better, manage their operations in a better way and some(prenominal) other benefits. Thus, considering the benefits of diversity in an organization, businesses have started focusing on having human resource that belongs from different backgrounds. 2.2. Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of the research study are as follows Do organizations in China focus on having diversity of human resource at the workplace? What is the role of diversity of workplace? What is the impact and benefits of diversity at the workplace in organizations in

Information Technology for Business Innovation Essay

Information Techno lumbery for Business Innovation - shew ExampleAs far as technology is concerned, there have been great advances in the photograph industry and all company needs to stay abreast with these technologies in order to thrive. Blockbuster has, as stated earlier, used such technologies as float video on demand, kiosks and DVD-by-mail to distribute it products. There ar various technologies that the company has put in place to ensure that it reaches its global customers as far as marketing and distribution are concerned. To start with, the company offers DVDs on a mail platform whereby movies are send to the consumers on request by mail and on a rental foot. For this technology, consumers request for movies of their option or the ones they wish to rent and put them in a queue. The company then(prenominal) sends the ordered movies as soon as they become avail adequate. The movies are actually send in a postage salaried envelope and come with a postage paid return envelope so what the consumers do is to expect the movies, put them into the accompanied postage paid envelopes and drop them in them mail then wait for their bordering ordered movie to be delivered. The only disadvantage of this technology is that customers can not be able to exchange the movies immediately after they watch them. Due to the fact that its customers are distributed globally, another disadvantage may be the high cost of delivery as compared to online method (Hayes 2005). Secondly, the company uses an online streaming technology whereby customers log on to the service which is based on a pay as you access plan then they can access movies of their tastes. As if this is not enough, the company offers free movies on a trial basis or after activating the media players then afterwards one has to pay to watch the subsequent movies. In 2003, blockbuster eventually launched their rental subscription program which allowed members to rent an unlimited number of movies during the duration of their subscription without the worry of any late fees. Basically, majority of the movies cost from $2.00 to $ 3.00. Examples of the online streaming services offered by blockbuster include Vudu and Amazon on demand. It alike has contracts with some movie distributors in order to receive movies quickly than the Netflix or their other competitors, Redbox this betters its customers since it has locations globally. It as well as strongly emphasizes on new releases which means that their customers always receive the latest products in the market. The company also offers Blu-ray disks which offer advanced features like high definition and storage capacity as compared to DVDs. Has Blockbusters approach been made? Although blockbuster tried to offer all its services at a friendly manner such as free movies on trial basis and home delivery of their products, it has still not been that successful. This is because it is confront by a lot of competition from its competitors such as the Netflix, movie gallery, and Hasting Entertainment and Red box. When it comes to online streaming for example, a company like Netflix out did Blockbuster by the fact that its payment plan was friendlier than that of Blockbuster. To be more precise, the company (Netflix) offers unlimited online streaming at the cost of $7.99 per month which is reasonable far much(prenominal) cheaper than Blockbusters $ 2.00 to $ 3.00 for every movie. The deal offered by Netflix is even made better

Letter of Advice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Letter of Advice - Research Paper ExampleThis love evolves, grows and matures with the passing years. Feelings and experience in the sign phases may be revisited later in life plainly in a diametric and sort of possibly, mature manner. But the consistency in feelings and love over the years and decades, though in different facets, is more than worth golds exchange rate (Chapman, 2010).Also, what keeps the understanding and mutual love delirious is friendship. A spark in the fire is what romance acts like in relationship, leading to intimacy when aroused and smothered when not fed up properly. Friendship, on the contrary, is like a warm bed of blacken that keeps affection as a constant.Sacrifice is vital, but not the only factor to live with. in any case much of it would lead to unhappiness for both of you. Cooperation in helping achieve distributively others dream is the best way to survive. This is because being human requires striking a balance with all sorts of need (Puhn , 2010).What has inspired me the most(prenominal), I would thoroughly like to share it with you. Although the experience and evolution is a continuous affair, but what I would like to share with you will hopefully make you rethink and go over your ties with each again and again, just like every one in that session felt.The most frustrating fragment of any communication is the fact that people, heavily including me too, fail to understand the simplest of phenomenon that we all are different. Yet we complain, wherefore people get so difficult to communicate with?From our feelings, priorities, emotions, goals and ambitions to the minutest division of our being, the gene, is remarkably distinguishing from every one else. unfeignedly this corner of our persona is usually is the roughest and difficult to deal with since it is mostly out of control (Hogan, Stubbs, 2003).The barrier most difficult to surpass and deal with is the emotional barrier. What influences

Patriot Act Essay Example for Free

patriot Act EssayTo paraphrase Benjamin Franklin, a country that is willing to hold civil liberties for safety deserves neither. In the aftermath of September 11, the United States has found itself living that prophetic account the country is neither safe nor free. Politicians played on the fears of the American public after the terrorist eruption and take the most basic and trusted of American freedoms the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.Prior to the Patriot Act, anyone arrested by American law enforcement was guaranteed to be charged or released within 48 hours. Then, under the speedy trial nutrition of the U. S. Constitution, those who were charged were guaranteed that their cases would progress. This is not so since September 11. This is not the first time in American floor that persons living within the United States have been held indefinitely during times of war. Japanese-Americans from southern California were taken to so-called detention cam ps after the attack on Pearl Harbor in World War II.The hatred is that we have not learned the lessons of history, that we apologize and in some cases make restitution for the same issue we are now repeating at Guantanimo Bay and in other places around the world. The biggest tragedy of the Patriot Act and the methods used by federal law enforcement in the wake of September 11 is that none of these actions would have prevented the terrorist attacks. Instead, these methodologies encourage people to be more secretive and less open.The only way the attack on the World Trade Center could have been avoided would have been for there to have been a interrupt exchange of information. Perhaps it is a sign that American education is lacking, or evidence that those in king will always seek to increase their power, but the reality is the Patriot Act has not through anything to discourage international terrorism or increase American safety. We have, in fact, sacrificed our freedom and in rep lication lost both it and our safety.

Water Conservation Essay Example for Free

Water Conservation EssayWater is an intrinsical part of land/soil productivity. Its misuse can cause both degradation and erosion of soils. clientele of pissing resource is considered to necessary for well being of human life as well as crop yields. There is a gap between the seasonal availability of water and its equitable add doneout the year. Accordingly the storage of water and passage through soils is very of the essence(p). It is well known that astir(predicate) 70% argona in this country is subject to varying degree of water stress. There are areas with heavy rain but water problems become predominant during non-monsoon periods. It is thus a matter of concern to create a redistribution system and requirements as and when it is needed. Although there are many methods for water worry, the two important methods are mentioned as follows.(I) Watershed management(II) Rainwater harvesting(I) Watershed Management A catchment area is an area bounded by the divide line o f water flow so that a transparent drainage basin of any small or big water course or be adrift can be identified. The rain falling over this area will flow through only one point of the whole watershed. In other words, the entire area will be beat(p) only by one stream or water course. In this way we will support definitive water resource which can be assessed and analyzed for planning for the optimum utilization through ground water, wells, tube wells, small ponds, bigger tanks or reservoirs. Watershed management is very important for rainfall and resultant run-off. More than 900 watersheds of the flood prone rivers have been identified and are at present in operation.The development of delayed through propagation of water harvesting technology is also based on the concept of micro watershed. Himalayas are one of the most critical watersheds in the world. The damage to reservoirs and irrigation systems and misused Himalayan slopes is mounting as are the costs for the control measures during the flood season every year. The vast hydroelectric power potential can be harnessed from the Himalayas watersheds on a sustainable basis.(II) Rain water Harvesting Water harvesting technologies have established the economic and practical feasibility for inclusion in integrated watershed management plans. A numberof such structures in the Hirakud catchment have revealed that these are sought after for protection of land, restoration of degraded land for creation of micro irrigation potential of reuse of water. This would also sponsor in increased production based productivity for generation of employment of opportunities. The concept of watershed management has been extended to agro-industrial watersheds which take care of agro-industrial development.

Portraying the Carpe diem Theme through Poetry Essay Example for Free

Portraying the Carpe diem Theme through Poetry EssayThe deuce poems, Robert Herricks To The Virgins, To Make Much of Time and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress, two employ the carpe diem (seize the day) theme. Using both stock and original im festerries, they effectively send the message across the commentator that Time runs and keeps running so that one should enjoy the pleasures of love and romance epoch in ones early days. However, the manners in which the dickens poets express this theme differ from each other. The tone, metaphors and other poetic devices contribute in the two poems convey varied effects to the mind of the readers as to how the carpe diem theme should be considered.Herricks poem is the simpler and more than urgent of the two. Throughout the 16 lines comprising the piece, Herrick consistently paints through his metaphors the image of impending remainder and loss indeed creating the sense of urgency in favor of his cause, which is for the virgins, t o whom he is addressing the poem, to get married musical composition they are young. The images of grey-haired Timea-flying (line 2) followed by a flower (that) smiles today/ Tomorrow will be dying (lines 3-4) both allude to the temporariness of beauty and youth. In contrast, To His Coy Mistress is a more complex way of clear up the theme.While Marvell also exhorts the woman, by whom the poem is being addressed to, to hurry and seize the available opportunities while she is still young, there is a tone of hopefulness and optimism accompanying the sense of urgency. The poet begins by presenting hyperboles as to how he would equal his love to begrowing through time, from ten years before the FloodTill the transmutation of the Jews (lines 8 and 10). He would like to leisurely enjoy the romantic experience, spending An hundred yearsto eulogy/ Thine eyesTwo hundred to adore each breast,/ But thirty thousand to the rest (lines 13-16). He states that the reason for this is that his l over deserve this state/ Nor would I love at lower rate (lines 19-20). but in the routine stanza does Marvell present the carpe diem case by presenting a similar personification of Time present in Herricks poem. In Marvells Time rides a winged chariot hurrying scraggy (line 22). He follows this with frightening imageries of death such as how, if the woman keeps resisting, in the end worms shall try/ That grand preserved virginity (lines 27-28). This sudden shift from beautiful romantic metaphors in the first stanza to the images of death in the second stanza actually makes the theme more effective and urgent to the reader. The shock element of death makes the young reader consider the theme and really hurry to enjoy loves pleasures while it is too late. Finally, while Herricks poem suggests that life and love is only worth it when youth and blood are warmed/ But being spent, the worse (lines 10-11), suggesting that everything is downhill after youth, Marvell thinks that love is a consolation for humans against the ravages of Time.The nett lines, Though we cannot make our sun/ Stand still, yet we will make him run (lines 45-46), suggest that although death is inevitable, loving is a way by which we can forget thinking about old age and death. Carpe diem poems all seek to send the same message to the reader to grab the opportunities present in youth for once these are gone, they can never be reclaimed nor repeated.Herrick and Marvell both wrote poems to illustrate this point development varied metaphors like the personification of Time rushing by, the rising and dying of the Sun and other laic objects like flowers and birds. Herricks poem is the classic carpe diem poem, urging the reader to enjoy youth and make a lot of it because everything is temporary, while Marvell incorporates an additional point about how seizing love during ones youth is a way to distract one from thinking about how temporary youth is in ones life.

Psychopathy Case Study Essay Example for Free

Psychopathy Case Study EssayPsychopathy is a genius distemper its in any case known as sociopathic character or psychopathic soulality or asocial personality disoblige. Psychopaths abidet be understood in terms of antisocial rearing or development. Sadly they be seen as Monsters in our society. They are unstoppable and untreatable predators whose delirium is planned, purposeful and even emotionless. The violence continues until it reaches a plateau at age 50 or so then it tapers off. Its unadorned when a person has an enduring way of thinking, acting and feeling that is significantly different. Its a longstanding illness, and inflexible. They act in such a way thats classed as not socially excepted. on that point are ten types of personality unhinges. Paranoid, Borderline, Schizoid, Schizotypal, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Avoidant, Obsessive, Dependant, Anti Social. Those who struggle with a personality disorder have a great difficulty dealing with others. They tend to be inflexible, rigid and unable to respond to the changes and demands of life. Although they feel that their conduct patterns are normal or right, people with personality disorders tend to have a narrow post of the world and find it difficult to participate in social activities. Personality disorders are conclaveed into leash major groupsGroup A includes paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal disorders identifies odd or eccentric personality disorders. Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is characterized by persistent feelings of distrust and suspicion against others. Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is defined by dis leadment and lack of interest in relationships with others. An individual with SPD whitethorn prefer solitary activities and emotionally detached from others. They can also believe in magical or unconventional beliefs, as in someone with Schizotypal disorder may believe he or she has magical powers. Group B the second group of personality disorders contains emotional d isorders. Anti-social personality disorder (APD) is characterized by an apparent disregard for the safety and feelings of others. People with APD may engage in criminal or reckless behaviour. Borderline personality (BPD) is indicated by an unstable sense of self impulsivity and tendency towards strict Black and White thinking. BPDs have history of unstable relationships and engage in self destructive behaviour.As in self mutilation, reckless, spending obsessions, or binge eating. Histrionic personality is characterized by extreme theatricality and a constant need to be centre of attention. Narcissistic disorder is indicated by an inflated sense of self-importance and entitlement. Group C the last group are classed as fearful or anxious like a person with avoidant personality disorder thee people may be afraid of criticism or rejection, and withdraws from social situations. The second of the fearful and anxious personality disorders is also known as dependant personality disorder (D PD) unlike avoidant personality disordered patients. A person with DPD is intensely dependant on other people. Obsessive compulsive personality disorder is characterized by pre military control with lists and orderliness often to the point it interferes with interpersonal relationships. It has been said that psychopaths with lower intelligence or poor educational activity are more likely to end up in our prison systems than Psychopaths with a higher train of education.Treatment for this disorder is very limited patients with a Psychopathic disorder could take place in a variety of in-patient settings such as special hospitals, regional secure units, and intensive Psychiatric cautiousness units. Treatment in prisons governor responsible therapy for those with mental a illness. There are medications that could be used for patients with personality disorders such as your common forms of anti depressants, Lithium, Benzodiazepines, Psychostimulants and Anti convulsants, Neuroleptics. All or some may affect patients in many different ways. These are known as your pharmacologic treatments. There are other forms of treatments such as physical treatments, behaviour therapy, cognitive approaches, Individual and group psychotherapy, therapeutic community approaches, are also available.

Swot Analysis for Keystone Bank Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis for anchorperson Bank EssayKeystone has a few strengths looking at its present financial condition financial statements. However, the bank is unforced and fit to pay higher competitive rates comp atomic number 18d to other banks in the atomic number 18a. This is likely to send a strong signal to potential customers who may wish to take advantage of the rates by increase their core deposits at Keystone Bank. Also, increasing local economic activities ordure overly be viewed as strength to keystone.This is because if the local concourse atomic number 18 making more gold than they admit, they go away be depart to save some especially at high rates of return which would benefit them and Keystone at the same time. It will increase their core deposits and decrease their dependence on other sources for loanable funds. Commercial and consumer loans are also strength of keystone looking at the two year period compared to their peers. They need to capitalize on that and see if they offer some commercial loans to the freshly companys coming into townsfolk at competitive rates.Weakness Keystone Bank has a wide range of weaknesses compared to its peers. Some of their weaknesses are a result of their high exposure to credit risk, interest rate risk and liquid state risk. acknowledgement risk can be defines as the risk of a corporation not being able to pay its debt as they be add together due. Keystone has a lot of CDs on its books and need to pay the holders of the CD as they become due. This is going to put a lot of financial examine on the bank considering the fact that interest rates are low and the national economy is backwardness down.Liquidity risk can be defined as a companys exponent to qualify its additions into cash at fair market value. Keystone Banks liquidity measures are below the average of its peers. If you consider its temporary investments to assets for 1990 and 1989, they were 10. 64% and 11. 02% compared to 15. 07 % and 16. 15% of its peers. This means that Keystone Bank is spend in products that cannot be quickly converted into cash at fair market price. They are also offering CDs at a high rate compared to its peers. Other liquidity measures such as volatile liability to assets, is more than 11 % above the average of its peers.This means that Keystone has extensive liabilities on its balance sheet which can easily be defaulted on. Net loans leases to core deposits also guide an even high trend. There is over 25% difference between Keystone Bank and its peers. In the last two years Keystones funds for lending to its customers have mainly come from borrowed money instead of core deposits. This means that the bank make interest payment on the money it lends to its customers which has put it at a disadvantages in terms of offering competitive rates to its customers.It also indicates that in the case of any liquidity crises Keystone bank will not be able to convert its investments into cash at fair market value as quickly as it may want. A banks largest asset is its loans or loanable funds which is not the case for Keystone bank. Lack of clear written policies regarding liquidity and interest rate management by the bank has made it difficult for managers to make good asset and liability decisions. This could be part of the reason why instead of loaning funds to customers, the bank is selling CDs and increasing their liabilities. OpportunitiesDesign of the new information system of financial reports will serve up management make informed decisions on how best to use the banks resources and also meet the examiners criticisms. An increase in the population in the orbit provides a neat opportunity for the bank. The bank can capitalize on this and serve well it propel into the future. The establishment of new facilities by three national firms in the area an electronics company, automotive parts and accessories manufacturer and the building materials supplier is ex pected to flood the local economy with about 2700 jobs.This is great news for Keystone since it can use incentives such as free checking accounts to bring in new customers and increase its deposits. It can also find new and qualified customers who ability be interested in real estate, consumer and other types of loans. The establishment of the new interest rate sensitivity and liquidity reports will help management monitor and understand changes in interest rates and liquidity and how they affect the bank. Keystone can take advantage of the current low interest rates and borrow money from the Federal keep back Bank.With interest rates expected to rise in the near future, Keystone can increase its modify rate mortgages to customers instead of fixed rate mortgages in hopes to increasing their returns when interest rates rises. Threats There are numerous threats that Keystone faces as a bank. First there is the threat of other banks and thrifts in the area who will also take advanta ge of the expected increase in the local economy. Most of the banks in the area may be able to offer relatively high interest rates to stimulate in new customers.If these banks are in a better financial position compared to Keystone that will put them at an advantage over Keystone. Also, the thrifts will also compete for the same 2700 people who will be acquiring the new jobs moving into the area. The bank need to work hard to decrease it CDs and increase its loans if it wants to survive in the long run. Lastly, even though the local economy might be booming the thought of an economic slowdown in other parts of the country may have a negative impact on the spending practices of the locals. This may result in people saving all their monies instead of spending or avoiding loans all together.

Brave new world Essay Example for Free

Brave new knowledge base strainLenina, Foster and the Director any get hold of been pre-conditioned to think of themselves better and more intelligent than Betas, Delta, Gammas, and Epsilons, as do all Alphas. And with good reason as Alphas argon pre-conditioned to be more intellectual and socially better. This portrays a capitalist society with the different varietyes. Huxley deriving from an upper-middle class family this is understandable. In contrast to 1984, everybody is relatively the same. Proles and Party members atomic number 18 all treated the same and are regulated with telescreens and thought police moving amongst them. The views of Orwell have been spread into the subject matter of 1984 as well as Huxleys into BNW, the difference and contrast being their views. Huxleys views of a class system and Orwell views that a socialist Britain was going to develop in light of Soviet Russia. When further analyze the authors path and subject matter of intellection for their characters, it is clear that they share relatively the same principles. Orwells language and style shows that the Party members and proles are sub-consciously trained to believe the ideals of the Party by propaganda.Posters, the two-minute hate, books, songs and newspapers all enforce the Party ideals and the quite a little believe them for they have no other principles or ideals with which to compare. They assume that the Party is right in what it says. This refers covering to the proles not having an individual consciousness away from party principles, as stated by Winston in the extract. Their thinking is basic and un-intellectual. Similarly, the thinking branch in BNW is a result from training and conditioning. This time people are taught in their sleep (again sub-consciously like in 1984) what to think and what ideals/principles to hold.Their thinking is mechanic and standardised which holds parallels with the mechanic factories they were produced in. again it is the case of two different methods producing the same result. The subject matter of the BNW extract shows irritability which 1984 does not. The fact and process that leads to the Rocket Engineers only ever being truly happy when standing on their heads and that De washbasinting trauma can occur in equation with real life birth trauma. some(prenominal) of these examples from the extract are illustrations of the humour that Huxley injects into the sassy at several intervals.With 1984 there are no humorous comments at all and so the subject matter keeps, at all times, an air of seriousness, whereas with BNW this air of seriousness, as a revolutionary novel, is low from time to time by the humour. A main contrast that the two extracts highlight is the ideal of what some(prenominal) worlds are striving towards and are. In 1984 Winston describes the Partys ultimate aim as The ideal set up by the Party was something huge, terrible and glittering a world of steel and concrete, of monstro us machines a nation solely thinking the same thoughts, shouting the same slogans, perpetually working, fighting, triumphing and persecuting three hundred million people all with the same flavor. This holds extreme parallels to the world that Huxley creates in Brave New World. A world where everyone has the same face paralleling with the mass producing of people that all look alike shouting the same slogans, paralleling with the sleep taught sayings that everyone has a fluctuation of, whether youre an Alpha or Epsilon, a world of steel and concrete paralleling with the vast huge cities of BNW.It seems that 1984 is a world where a government is attempting to change the past and achieve a different world, whereas BNW is a world gallant of its past and of sustaining its world. The two are exact opposites BNW being what the Party is trying to create. The importance of the two extracts in the novels is high in that they are meant to shock the reader. Huxleys description of the manuf acturing of people and Orwells description of a world that controls everything (even the past) and makes its people think whatever they like.Both extracts create a world in which the story is allowed to develop, they are the background from which the seed is meant to grow. The 1984 extract has an added level to its importance as it shows that already Winston is part of the undead. It shows that Winston is doing exactly what hes not sibyllic to be and that if/when he is caught, the Party have got grounds on which to vaporise him. It shows the re-occurring principle in the novel that death is certain, and life is not. It shows that any take on of Orwells world changing, the Party being overthrown, is non-existent as any chance must lie in the proles butUntil they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious. This parallels with BNW as no-one there either wishes to change things, as they are content with their current life. Both extracts create these two worlds of unimaginable oppression whether its inhabitants realise it or not and the theme that runs throughout the comparison of the two novels and extracts is the same that Orwell and Huxley both achieve relatively the same thing through different methods.They both achieve worlds of oppression and shock simply through different actual environments as they did with making it that everyone thinks what the regimen wants them to think and that they have no interest in challenging this or any other opinion of their world. This being the case and both authors creating these future worlds of shock and astonishment are vital to the novels as this is what makes the novels so revolutionary for their time.

Qualities of a good leader Essay Example for Free

Qualities of a good attractor EssayWhenever and wherever human beings ar gathered together in thumping numbers, they need leadership. Even children need their school prefects and schools captains Armies need Generals. Civilians need governments, captains of industry and intellectual leaders of horizon as well. Men whether of the East or the West, require to be led and each group throws up its own leaders in each succeeding generation. Whether in the school-room, or on the battlefield or in governmental deliberations, people who are natural leaders and who are chosen to lead, always seduce the same qualities of character and of outlook. In the first place, it is the personal qualities that count for most, in other words, the personality. A leader, in any location, moldiness be someone who can be looked up to and levered. His personal judgment must be trusted and he must be able to evoke love and warmth from those he leads. So the, the first quality of a leader is that he mu st accommodate the ability to realise over mens hearts.Secondly, he must have intellectual control over his followers and a chief that is capable of assimilating what is true and what is right and then of exerting this over others. It is useless, no matter what personal qualities or what intellectual prowess a man may have, if he lacks the initiative and the go forth to lead and to fool men around him. He must also, in his search for truth, have great powers of concentration.Again, a leader must possess this mysterious thing we call character or strength of will, clarity of read/write head, pertinacity and determination. In other words character is knowing what you want to do and being ruthlessly placed to do it.Men and women will not follow a gloomy person Therefore a kind sense of humor and a sense of optimism are two other essential qualities of a good leader. He must also, not scarcely be a good judge of thins and of events, moreover of people besides, so that he can select good subordinates. He must also found and practice such virtues as self-control, temperance and moderation, so that not only his body, but also his mind are always at their best, healthyand sharpened like finely tempered steel.There is, too the good leader and the bad leader, of which Hitler, is a striking example of bad leader because it is possible to have all the qualities of leadership without the most important one of all. This is a moral sense of right and price and the right kind of love which is emphasized in many of the worlds great religions. This is true not only of international figures like Adolf Hitler, but also in smaller figures. The gangs of youths, typical of both East and West, whose members are led to violence and lawlessness are invariably led and inspired by leaders without a moral sense of right and wrong.The final test of a good leader is, of course, the question Do men follow him? The answer will be Yes if, combined with strength of character, the a bility to evoke love, a clear brain and a fair minded outlook, he also has a knowledge and respect for truth, honesty and fair play. Such a man surely possesses the spark of leadership and men will look up to him and follow him.

Identify Statistics Essay Example for Free

Identify Statistics EssayThe Human development Index (HDI) is a general measure of how a country has developed over a certain period of time. It is measured through the use of literacy levels, purvey of education, healthc are, life expectancy and the gross domestic product of a country. The HDI of most countries is measured by organizations that would bid to use the data for various uses including deciding which of these countries need aid.The HDI of Libya, for instance is placed at 0. 47 in the year 2007. This was an increase of 0. 44% which is substantial. This information was provided by the United Nations in the year 2007. Such statistics are collected by UN for the sole purpose of measuring the rates of development and well-being of the human populations in these regions. It is then important in deciding which of the considered nations need help and in which sectors this help might be most needed (UNDP, 2009).This statistic is a bit misleading due to the fact that some c ontributing factors are not looked at critically. Some of the factors like democracy and rights are not looked at. Therefore, when looking at the indicant critically, we realize that such important factors are not considered in determination of the well-being of the general population. This thus leads us to a conclusion that the calculation might not be able to conclusively limn the right picture to those who are using it.

World Literature Essay Example for Free

World Literature shewFlauberts Madame Bovary was published to critical acclaim and public scandal during Second Empire France (18521870). G all overnment censors cited the impertinent for offending public morality and religion, though prosecution and defense both acknowledged the artists achievement. Flaubert was tried and acquitted for a compelling portrait of his heroines unhappy marriage, adulterous love affairs, fiscal ruin, and suicide.The creation of a powerful and profoundly conflicted male imagination, Emma Rouault Bovary is a polarizing figure. She embodies yet challenges archetypal images of women (virgin/mother, madonna/whore, paragon/siren) arising from male experience. She calls into question education, marriage, and motherhood, institutions that inculcate these dichotomous views of women. doubting Thomas Manns Death in Venice opens, comparable Flauberts Madame Bovary, on the scene of Aschenbachs creative composure shattered by an unfamiliar nervous excitement.A s Aschenbachs mind spins unproductively, we star immediately that Venice it ego will be ultimately just a picturesque exterior, the backdrop to a tale whose cardinal events belong to a mental world to what Mann called reality as an operation of the psyche (Mann 29). Thomas Mann has spared no allusion to suggest that the hero of the story resembles its author at least with regard to his literary production. to that degree Aschenbach is said to have achieved in earnest the classical style befitting a conqueror of the abysm the very style which Flaubert parodies in telling the tragic story of Madame Bovarys disillusion and downfall. The societal scandal of Madame Bovary is as remote now as the asceticism of the spirit practiced by Flaubert and Mann, who seem almost self indulgent. Emma seems as boisterous as Aschenbach. With these heroes the novel enters the realm of inactivity, where the protagonists are bored, hardly the reader is not.Poor Emma, done for(p) by usury rather than love, is so vital that her stupidities do not matter. A much more than than average sensual woman, her capacity for life and love is what moves us to admire her, and even to love her, since like Flaubert himself we find ourselves in her. Why is Emma so unlucky? If it can go molest, it will go wrong for her. Flaubert, like some of the ancients, believed there were no accidents. Ethos is the daimon, your character is your fate, and everything that happens to you starts by being you.Rereading, we suffer the anguish of beholding the phases that lead to Emmas self-destruction. That anguish multiplies despite Flauberts celebrated detachment, partly because of his uncanny skill at suggesting how many incompatible consciousnesses invade and impinge upon any single consciousness, even one as commonplace as Emmas. Emmas I is an other, and so much the worse for the sensual apprehensiveness that finds it has become Emma. Whenever Emma is seen in purely sensuous terms, Flaubert speaks of her with a delicate, almost religious feeling, the way Mann speaks of Aschenbach.Flaubert punished himself harshly, in and through Emma, by grimly coalesce in a poisonous order of provincial social reality, and an equally poisonous order of hallucinated play, Emmas fantasies of an ideal passion. The mixing in is cruel, formidable, and of unmatched aesthetic dignity. Emma has no Sublime, but the inverted Romantic vision of Flaubert persuades us that the strongest piece of music can represent ennui with a life-enhancing power. Flaubert despised realism and said so over and over through turn out his life he loved only the absolute purity of art.Madame Bovary has little to do with realism, and something to do with a prophecy of impressionism, but in a most refracted fashion. All of poor Emmas moments are at once drab and privileged. At moments of more overpowering sensuality there even emerges a shape for Emmas sensual intensities, a characteristic style of sensation which, as we know f rom Flauberts other works, wasnt invented for Emma alone but rather seems to be a basic formula for Flaubertian sensation in general.Sexuality in Flaubert is frequently expressed in terms of a rippling luminosity. Here and there, Flaubert writes as part of his description of Emmas initiative happy sexual experience (with Rodolphe in the forest near Yonville), all around her, in the leaves and on the ground, patches of light were trembling, as if humming-birds, while in flight, had scattered their feathers (Flaubert 56).Much later, as she lies alone in fuck at night enjoying fantasies of running away with Rodolphe, Emma imagines a future in which nothing specific stood out the days, all of them magnificent, resembled one another like waves and the vision cela swayed on the limitless horizon, harmonious, bluish, and bathed in sun (Flaubert 94). A world heavy with sensual promise (and no longer blindingly illuminated by sexual intensities) is, in Flaubert, frequently a world of many reflected lights blurred by a mist tinged with color.

J & J Automotive Sales Essay Example for Free

J J Automotive Sales showReplicate business and give earrals from pleased clients atomic number 18 fundamental to success in selling. The longer you employment in sales as a professional individual committed to treating your clients right, the higher and higher will be the proportion of your business emanating from reprize business and customer remarkrals. By contrast, think about the stereotype of the person we would generally consider the antithesis of professionalism in selling, the utilise-railway car salesperson.Of course, there may be some used-car salespersons out there that are professional businesspeople, but by and large their reputation is not exemplary. The reason? We believe it has a pile top do with the fact that the person selling in the used-car lot sees the prospect as an fortune for a one-time transaction. Seldom will a customer return to that same used-car lot for a repeat purchase, and the used-car dealer virtually never has avail facilities for d eveloping an ongoing relationship after the sale. Used-car buyers rarely refer friends and colleagues to the dealer they bought from.When they do, its because of the availability of a particular vehicle rather than the dealership per se. Compare that with triple-crown new-car dealership, e redundantly those at the high end, who want you as a long-term customer that will refer friends and colleagues to the store and its salespeople. If youve ever dealt with a dealership like that, youve enjoyed a personal relationship with your salesperson and the service department reps, which is well worth paying for. Youd certainly agree that your salesperson does not exit the stereotype of a used-car salesperson.Its just one illustration of a business which appreciates the fact that its extract is contingent upon repeat business and customer referrals. Joe luckily has beloved dealing relationships with his customers which is a good go bad in countering this stereotype. Not only must he be aw are of the features associated with a variety of models, he must also be familiar with mileage, modifications, rebuilds, and the quirks of each car on the lot. As such, he could work against the stereotype as a slick con artist looking to make a industrious buck.Part of this, may be due to the larger commissions used car salespeople like Joe make on each sale, thus encouraging them to complete as many sales possible. While stereotypes abound regarding used car dealerships, it is unfair to cast a negative light on the entire used car industry. The bonded dealers behave like other principals some are up front and cooperative others disappear or simply refuse to cooperate. Now while you consider you have seen and heard it all, a new plead presents novel and astonishing facts.For example, you are looking for a second-hand care and Joe activates your stereotype of used-car dealer. However, the car looks sort of good buy. Is he lying to you or is he offering a good deal? If special in formation seems to fit your initial judgment then you have category confirmation. You are confirmed, in your resume of the salesman and leave it at that. If, however, the category is not confirmed, then you engage in re-categorization, and attempt to find a category that is a better fit maybe the Joe is re-categorized as helpful assistant, who sold cars honestly.Since Joe has this characteristics of passion in cars and the sincere concern to his customers, having this kind of stereotype would not hinder him from obtaining good customers, because he will, of course, gain their devote and as such, would gain good relationship with them. As a customer on the other hand, having Joe as a salesperson of used cars, I would definitely come back to him and get another good deal in buying his cars. The stereotype wouldnt definitely affect my relationship with Joe as his customer and surely would come back for another deal.AutoNation created a huge business by exploiting the publics percept ion of used-car dealers. Middle-volume dealerships with less expensive cars try to increase sales volume by getting indistinct customers the larger dealers ignore. They track sales workers to make sure they follow a prescribed script with customers. small suburban dealerships also concentrate on uncertain customers but some also give special services like loaner cars and pick-up and delivery service in hopes of repeat and referral business.Reference Kimball, Bob, and Jerold Hall. Selling in the New World of Business. Binghamton, New York Haworth Press, 2004.

The Issues Of The Miscommunication Cultural Studies Essay

The Issues Of The Miscommunication Cultural Studies EssayAmong the problems faced to newfangled culture, there is one that is gradu every(prenominal)y becoming a defining f serveor in cross- pagan relations. The reference is going about miscommunication that is more and more traffic pattern the style of the cultural growthes of modernity. Miscommunication as the opposite perspective of grounds is one of the mea positive(predicate)ments in the process of communication betwixt polar cultures. However, the spherical contest of cultures, witnesses, accomplices and the adjudicate of which we be was generated by the neglect of understanding of an unprecedented scale and intensity. And this lack of understanding beneath our look becomes more important in comparison to all former(a) dimensions of communication within diametrical cultures.I would like to discuss the problem of miscommunication in this project and single-valued function my own experience as an model of a commu nication breakdown between myself and a mortal from another culture. The main goals of my project are to explain and discuss how cultural miscommunication influences on our life, and to prove a thesis that miscommunication between different cultures and nations could be overcame through with(predicate) the specific knowledge and respect to a person whom we are communicating with.First of all in the frames of this paper it is necessary to mention that real conflict takes place under special pot in a state of globality. The state of globality is characterized by the activity of an already established and effective global society, where the contours of conventional cultures are broken.Actually, no culture, cultural group, nation, country or group of countries can no yearlong pretend that it is separated from the rest of the world and its affairs are internal problems that do not concern to any of the foreigners. It turned out that there are no foreigners at all theyre gone in th e sense that the culture had lost its earlier, well-defined boundaries, and therefore alien and own largely mixed up, changed its previous topology and geography.In the modern world ethical issues, and, in particular, issues of social identity and ethnic preconceived notion achieved its culmination the linguistic, cultural, status and other differences pack become a stumbling block for the peaceful coexistence of many ethnic groups.Defining the term miscommunication we should say that according to Gudykunst (2003), As serious psychological barriers in the process of cross-cultural communication the so-called ethnic stereotypes acts as relatively stable representation of the moral, mental, physical and other qualities of the representatives of different ethnic communities. Every person is a member of a certain ethnic group, and he or she consciously or subconsciously divides all people into ones own (belonging to the same ethnic group) and outsiders (members of other ethnic groups ).According to Gumperz ( 1982) we divulge that on the verbal level culturological sign of somebodys own or someone else is manifested in the semantics of the various nominative units lexemes, phraseological units, syntactic structures, proverbs, small-format texts (for example, anecdotes and jokes).Thinking about my own communication breakdown with a person from another culture I should say that it was connected with one colloquy misunderstanding. The person whom I fall outd with was sure that wholly old people could be good advice-givers and young people should only listen to them and baffle no right on own decision of the problem. In that moment I forgot about cultural differences between us (my opponent is a Muslim and they respect old people more than other nations) and tried to prove that every person should has a right on own opinion and it is not a right position everlastingly only to listen to somebodys actors line. Thus, it was the hot debate between us and as a mom ent each of us was disap spotlighted and even upset about result of our conversation. Only now I understood that both of us were wrong, because we used different cultural languages and we make several mistakes in our conversation. I would like to say that this example of miscommunication is rather simple, and it even has an ordinary character, only if exactly such simple situations lead in future to hard consequences, when one cultural groups number other groups bad educated and rude. Thus, I would like to look on this problem of cultural miscommunication through the prism of my new knowledge about this question and demonstrate a solution for this situation.In the root word of this part of my project I would like to say that all people should work for constructive dialogue between each other. It is a well-known fact that the entire history of humanity is a dialogue. conversation permeates our whole lives. It considers a tool for the implementation of communication links, the co ndition of mutual understanding. Fitzgerald (1996) admitted that the fundamental interaction of cultures and their dialogue is the close favorable ground for the emergence of interethnic and international relations. Conversely, when the society feels inter-ethnic tension and even, ethnic conflict, the dialogue between cultures is difficult, the interaction of cultures may be limited in the field of inter-ethnic tensions of these nations, bearers of these cultures. I understood that processes of cultural interaction are more complicated than we naively once thought it was a theory that cultural dialogue is goose egg more than simple transfer of the achievements of a highly developed culture in the less developed, which in its turn logically leads to the conclusion of the interaction of cultures as a source of progress. Now is actively canvas the question of boundaries of culture, its core and periphery.I like Ting-Toomey (1999) words who state that These words forced us to rem ain be rude and to respect other people. On my opinion every person should respect the point of view of another person and be patient during their communication. In my case cultural miscommunication was not only a result of different attitude to one problem, but also it was provoked by the lack of patience and respect to each other. We forgot one simple equity stated by Van Dijk (1997) who said that Muslims are people who are marked by the culture from their birth and their specific traditions are sometimes strange for me, but it is not a reason to say that their culture is good or bad. I know that these people are different and their religion is different, but I even like them, because their historical, geographical and ethnic elements combine in an unique and fender way.Thinking about my situation I become read one interesting advice about how to avoid miscommunication in future and according to Lawrence (1999) It means that we should use the space of variations around us an d think about other possibilities to interpret information in meet way. By keeping our mind free from stereotypes and open to additional possibilities of the information understanding we can check future miscommunication conflict from happening. Also it is necessary to add that when a person became an initiator of a miscommunication conflict the simplest thing is to say I am sorry for the miscommunication which has lead to this situation, but the simplest way is not always the right way. On my opinion it is necessary firstly to take into account opponents cultural specificity and only so to discuss with the person some sharp questions or situations.I want also to listen to words said by Arcidiacono (2010) who thinks Taking into account my own problem in communication and information from different readings I want to say that the first thing that should be used for overcoming miscommunication is a dialogue. Of course, at the fountain of the conversation, as it was above mentione d, it is necessary to say sorry for miscommunication and then to speak with a person in respectful and polite manner. Forthcoming manner could save many debates and dialogue is a communication with the culture, the realization and reproduction of its achievements, it is the discovery and understanding of the values of other cultures, the possibility of removing political, religious or other tensions between nations and ethnic groups. It is necessary to remember that dialogue is a necessary condition for scientific search for truth and the creative process in art. Dialogue is a way for understanding of own I-image and possibility to communicate with others in proper constructive way.I even think that dialogue between cultures can act as a conciliating factor that prevents the emergence of wars and conflicts. It can reduce social tensions and to create an environment of imprecate and mutual respect. The notion of dialogue is especially true for modern culture and it will help coev al society to avoid miscommunication. The very process of interaction is a dialogue, and forms of interaction present different kinds of dialogic relations. The base of dialogue has developed in the deep past. Ancient texts of Indian culture are filled with the report of unity of cultures and peoples, macro-and microcosm, musings that human health depends largely on the quality of this relationship with the environment, from the consciousness of the power of beauty, understanding how the universe reflected in our being.Basing on my researches I came to the conclusion that the influence of one culture to another is agnize only if the necessary conditions exist for such influence. Dialogue between two cultures is possible only when a certain convergence of cultural codes and the existence or occurrence of a common mentality have a place. Dialogue of cultures is a penetration into the system of values of a culture, respect to them, overcoming stereotypes, the synthesis of original and other nationalities, leading to mutual enrichment and integration into the global cultural context. In the dialogue of cultures is important to see the universal values of cultural interaction. One of the main objective contradictions inherent in all cultures is the contradiction between the development of national cultures and their convergence. Therefore, the need for dialogue between cultures is a prerequisite for self-preservation of mankind. A form of spiritual unity is the result of the dialogue of contemporary culture.To sum up, I would like to say that in this research project I have discussed the problem of miscommunication and demonstrated its solution. There were also discussed cultural differences and their influences on our life. I strongly believe that dialogue between cultures was and remains central point in the development of mankind. Throughout the centuries and millennia occurred mutual enrichment of cultures that make up the unique mosaic of human civilizati on. I agree that the process of interaction and dialogue between cultures is complex and uneven, but only people who are ready go through all difficulties and hardships could be considered communication genii.

Permanent versus Transitory Earnings and Security Valuation

eternal versus Transitory compensation and Security ValuationIn this study we examine the role of permanent and perfunctory shekels and funds flows in explaining security r in three study capital markets, UK, regular army and France. We hypothe size of it that the relationship between immediate payment flows and security relapses improves when compensation ar fleeting and this robustness is argona limited. The dataset consists of more than 40,000 ground forces, UK and french satisfying- class observations over a niner year period. Multivariate statistical regression abridgment is undertaken to test the major research hypotheses. Results auspicate that when internet atomic number 18 passing(a) (not stable), investors pay more attendance to capital flows and less attending to pelf, a vector sum indicating that investors penalize heartys with unstable lettuce. In summary, the evidence provided in this study attendants that indeed there argon corpo real differences in the way investors and fiscal analysts perceive financial breeding such(prenominal) as meshwork and notes flows in the UK, France and the USA. These results should be of great importance to the major stakeholders such as investors, creditors, financial analysts, especi on the whole(prenominal)y later on the youthful global financial crisis and the collapse of demon organizations ecumenical.Keywords Permanent and Transitory Earnings, Capital markets, Earnings, Cash flows, France, a posteriori.* Dr. Melita Charitou is an Assistant Professor of Finance and Accounting, University of Nicosia, Cyprus. Address for correspondence shargon of Finance and Economics, School of Business, University of Nicosia, Cyprus, email emailprotected.1. INTRODUCTIONCapital markets emphasized to a great extent the repute relevancy of wampum in the marketplace. The usefulness of gelt has excessively been examined recently in conjunction with interchange flows (Bali et al (2 009), Banker et al (2009), Bartov et al., 2001 Charitou et al., 2001, B completely et al., 2000, among others). Empirical research provided evidence to support that scratch atomic number 18 more useful than interchange flows in the capital markets. Existing evidence on the association of operating money flows beyond net in explaining security returns has been inconclusive. Furthermore, to date comparative international research on the rate relevance of funds flows has been limited. Moreover, researchers argue that when aggregate data is used, it is assumed that the relationship between gelt and property flows with security returns is solid across unbendables. It should be noted that this assertion that investors react identic wholey to simoleons and funds flows of all firms is not that pragmatic.The present study hypothesizes the measure out relevance of dinero and silver flows is country specific and it depends on the briefness of loot.Earnings persistence studie s logically report that earnings persistence is significantly positively associated with ERC (Easton and Zmijewski, 1989 Donnelly and Walker, 1995 Ali and Zarowin, 1992 Chambers, 2004). Cheng et al. (1996) extended anterior studies on this topic and added currency flow variables in their samples. They found that the additive randomness content of property flow from trading operations(CFO) should emergence with a decrease in the permanence of earnings. Furthermore, Ali (1994) using non-linear models think that earnings, funds flows and working capital from operations(WCFO) have incremental nurture, which increases the lower are the unassailable changes in earnings, notes flows and WCFO respectively. Finally, Ali and Zarowin (1992) show that the more passing the previous periods earnings are, the greater the increase in the ERC and the judge incremental explanatory power from inclusion of the aim variable. According to Cho and Chung (1991) the persistence measure used in those studies has 3 boundarys first, although persistence is changing over time, a constant parameter assumption is made which is problematic, especially when estimations are based on annual data for several year time series. Second, a measurement error problem experiences, from using time-series reported earnings. Easton and Zmijewski (1989) use revision coefficient avoiding to some extend the latter problem. The third limitation is that persistence as measured by the time series of earnings is a crude deputy for the construct because it contains little economic content.Researchers also extended foregoing studies in cabaret to examine the pass judgment relevance of the permanent and fleeting earnings. Cheng et al (1996), Ali (1994), Ali and Zarowin (1992) and Easton and Zmijewski (1989) among others examine the impact of permanent and transitory earnings on the relations between returns and earnings or between returns and hard cash flows. Ali and Zarowin (1992) conclude d that for firms with permanent earnings in the previous period, when the earnings level variable is included in the model, the incremental explanatory power and the increase in Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) are small. Cheng et al. (1996) investigated whether the incremental information content of cash flows increases when earnings are transitory. Transitory earnings have smaller borderline impact on security returns. Moreover, their results showed that the incremental information content of accounting earnings decreases, and the incremental information content of cash flows increases with a decrease in the permanence of earnings. turnaround analysis was undertaken to test the major hypothesis. A sample of more than 40,000 USA, UK and French firm year observations was used to test the research hypotheses. The major conclusions of the empirical results are summarized as follows. First, regarding our basic advise which declared that earnings and cash flows are associated with stock prices in USA, UK and France, results assign that indeed two earnings and cash flows are taken into consideration by investors in their enthronization decisions. Second, regarding our major hypothesis which stated that the time lever relevance of earnings and cash flows is country specific and depends on the transitoriness of earnings, results indicate that when earnings are transitory (not stable), investors pay more attention to cash flows and less attention to earnings, a result indicating that investors penalize firms with unstable earnings.In summary, evidence provided in this study supports that indeed there are substantial differences in the way investors and financial analysts perceive financial information such as earnings and cash flows in UK, France and USA and that the grade relevance of cash flows depends on the transitoriness of earnings..2. LITERATURE REVIEW and Hypotheses development.Earnings are of primary importance to managers, because managerial execu tive compensation contracts are usually based on earnings. Managers select financial reporting methods to maximize the value of their bonus awards through incentives created by bonus schemes. In addition, managers indulge in income smoothing, that is, taking actions to dampen fluctuations in their organizations earnings, as investors pay more for a firm with a smoother income stream (Dechow et al. 2003 Barth et al. 2005).In the past few years there has been an increased wager in the role of earnings and cash flows in explaining security returns.Contextual factors, such as earnings transitoriness, have a common objective. To identify specific circumstances where the value relevance of earnings and cash flows is altered (improves or deteriorates). Using USA data, Freeman and Tse (1992) and Ali (1994) showed that transitory earnings have smaller marginal impact on security returns. Cheng et al (1996) and Charitou et al (2001) extended these studies by hypothesizing that when earnings are transitory, the value relevance of earnings diminishes, whereas the value relevance of cash flows is expected to increase. Earnings transitoriness was measured as the earnings change scaled by the beginning of period price and also by the earnings to price ratio. Extreme values of these measures could be considered as an indication of earnings transitoriness. Transitory items are expected to have limited valuation implications. Examples of transitory items in earnings include current and long-term accruals such as losses ascribable to restructuring, current light through asset sales of previous periods increases in market values, one time impact on income from changes in accounting standards. The results of the Cheng et al. (1996) study indicated that a) when level and changes in earnings and cash flows are included in the model, all are value applicable in the marketplace, and b) when earnings are transitory the value relevance of earnings diminishes substantially, and conc urrently the value relevance of cash flows increases.In summary, these results are indeed of great importance since earlier studies assumed that the earnings returns relation is homogeneous across firms. These studies, however, disprove this assumption and indeed show that the value relevance of earnings and cash flows depends on the permanence or transitoriness of these measures.The present study goes a step further to examine whether the value relevance of earnings and cash flows is country specific and whether it depends on the transitoriness of earnings.2.2 Research HypothesIsEmpirical evidence supports that earnings are valued more than cash flows in the marketplace. Extant evidence though on the incremental information content of cash flows beyond earnings in different countries when earnings are transitory has been inconclusive (Barth et al., 2004, Bartov et al., 2001). The inconclusive results in prior studies, and the limited research on this cut down provide motivation fo r this study. The research hypothesis to be tested isHypothesis 1 The value relevance of cash flows improves when earnings are transitory, whereas the value relevance of earnings decreases when earnings are transitory.The model real thus far suggests that twain earnings levels and changes have explanatory power when they are included simultaneously in explaining stock returns. Earning changes are used as a proxy for unheralded earnings, succeeding(a) the assumption that earnings follow a random walk. Based on these arguments, in developing the theoretical framework on the transitoriness of earnings, it is proposed that annual earnings follow an Integrated Moving Average, IMA (1,1) process, which includes both levels and changes, i.e. permits for both transitory and permanent components. IMA was chosen because prior theoretical and empirical evidence shows that annual earnings follow a random walk (Cheng et al., 1996 Easton and Harris, 1991).This hypothesis predicts that the val ue relevance of earnings decreases when earnings are transitory and therefore, the value relevance of cash flows improves in all three countries when earnings are transitory. The issue of the time permanence of earnings has raised the stimulus in the present study in examining the role of operating cash flows when earnings are transitory. As Cheng, Liu and Schafer (1996) argue, earnings may contain transitory items with limited valuation implications. For example, transitory items that may be included are current and long- term accruals such as losses due to restructuring, current recognition (through asset sales) of increases in market value previously (or currently), one-time impact on income from changes in accounting standards and so forth Moreover, because of compensation contracts and debt covenants are often based on reported accounting income, incentives exist for managers to introduce transitory elements in earnings. Dechow (1994) and Charitou et al (2001) also argue that b ecause management has some discretion over the recognition of accruals, this can be used to manipulate earnings.Following Ali and Zarowin (1992) and Cheng, Liu and Schafer (1996), included in the theoretical framework, both levels and changes in order to characterise the unexpected components of earnings, whereas they also include levels and changes of cash flows from operations. This is done in order to test the hypothesis that when earnings are transitory the earnings response coefficients (ERCs) on both levels and changes provide have reduced significance in explaining security returns. In this situation the importance of cash flows from operations will be greater. As in Freeman and Tse (1992) and Ali (1994) transitory elements are more likely to be present when unexpected earning values are large relative to price. Hence in the model 58, the coefficients c1t + c2t and c3t+ c4t range the estimates of the earnings and cash flow response coefficients when earnings are mainly perm anent. The coefficients c5t+ c6t and c7t+ c8t capture the special information content of earnings and cash flows for firms with predominantly transitory earnings. It is expected c5t+ c6t to be oppose and c7t+ c8t to be positive. In summary, following the aforementioned theoretical framework, I hypothesize that the incremental information content of cash flows from operations is expected to increase as the permanence of earnings decreases (see also Freeman and Tse, 1992 Ali, 1994 and Cheng, Liu and Schafer, 1996.Prior studies that examined earnings transitoriness include Cheng et al (1996) for the USA and Charitou et al (2000) for the UK. Prior studies have not examined the role of the cash flows when earnings are transitory in both Anglo-Saxon and code truth countries.3.0 Research Design3.1 Dataset every industrial firms that belong in the Manufacturing Industry (SIC 100-4299, 4400-4799), Retail Industry (SIC 5000-5999) and Service Industry (SIC 7000-8999) from the USA, UK and Fr ance over the recent nine year period were selected. Industrial firms that had all the information available for the computation of operating cash flows, operating earnings and security returns were included in the sample, resulting in the following firm-year observations for the recent nine year period USA =36695, UK =4234 and France = 1181. Consistent with prior empirical studies, observations that were regarded as outliers were excluded from the sample, i.e. observations with absolute change in earnings/market value, absolute change in cash flows/market value, earnings/market value and cash flow/market value greater than 150%. Also observations that were in excess of three absolute studentized residuals were considered outliers and were excluded from the sample. These restrictions resulted in approximate reduction of the sample size of about 2%, which is consistent with prior empirical studies. Therefore, the final sample size used for regression analysis purposes equals to 35872 firm-year observations for the USA sample, 4178 firm-year observations for the UK sample and 1165 firm-year observations for the French sample.3.2 measurement of financial and market variablesIn order to examine whether investors in UK, USA and France take into consideration in their investment decisions the levels and changes of earnings and cash flows, independent of each other, the following univariate regression model will be usedUnivariate (Simple Regression) ModelRETit = b0 + biXi + eI (1)whereXi is replaced byE Operating EarningsE Change in operating-earningsCFO Operating cash flowsCFO Change in operating cash flows.RETit stock return for firm i measured over a 12-month return interval ending three months after the fiscal-year-end.b0 the intercept termbi slope coefficientei error termIn order to test whether both the levels and changes of earnings and cash flows are valued differently in the capital markets, namely in USA, UK and France, the following multivariate regressio n model will be used3.3 Permanent vs transitory earnings modelsIn order to investigate the role of permanence of earnings, the basic regression model that includes the level and changes of earnings and cash flows will be extended to include additional dummy variables.The following model will be testedRETit = c0 + c1Eit + c2Eit + c3CFOit + c4CFOit + c5Eit*D + c6Eit*D + c7CFOit*D + c8CFOit*D + eitwhere RETit= Security returns for the year,Eit = operating earningsCFOit = operating cash flows for firm i in period t, denotes the change in a variable,eit is the error term for firm i in period tD is a dummy variable taking a value of one when earnings are transitory and zero otherwise.Consistent with Cheng et al. (1996), two alternative definitions are used to determine D. Under one approach, D equals 1 (0) when Eit/ Pit-1 is greater than (less than) its yearly cross-sectional median value (Ali, 1994). Under the second approach, firms are ranked each year according to their Eit/ Pit-1 , placing firms with positive Eit/ Pit-1 into the first nine groups with equal number of firms per group and firms with negative earnings in the tenth group. Earnings are separate in the bottom two and top two groups as transitory (D=1) and earnings in the nub six groups as permanent (D=0) (Ali and Zarowin, 1992, Charitou et al, 2001).4.0 EMPIRICAL RESULTS4.1. Descriptive Statistics remit 1 presents basic descriptive statistics for all the earnings, cash flows and security returns variables examined in the study for all three countries (USA, UK and France) for the recent nine year period. Results indicate the following a) the mean security return for UK and USA is the highest (0.092 and 0.08, respectively), whereas in France is somewhat lower, 0.055, b) the mean earnings level is higher for UK (0.057) and lowest for USA. For the French dataset the mean of earnings levels is 0.037 c) the mean of the cash flow levels is shown to be the highest for the French dataset (0.184) and lower for UK and USA (0.123 and 0.057, respectively) d) as expected the standard deviation of the levels and changes of cash flows is always higher than the level and changes of earnings in all three countries. These results are consistent with the results provided in prior empirical studies. Moreover, untabultated correlation coefficient analysis results indicate that there are no significant correlations that may possibly affect the results.4.2. Regression analysis results4.2.1 Univariate and multivariate regression analysis results on the value relevance of earnings and cash flows for the USA, UK and France.Univariate results presented in table 2 indicate the following. First, as far as the value relevance of earnings is concerned, as expected, the results indicate that both the levels and changes in earnings are positive and statistically significant in all three countries. Interestingly, the size of the levels of earnings and the size of the changes in earnings is approximately equa l in all three countries, in spite of the fact that the French financial reporting system is much more conservative. Specifically, the coefficients of the level of earnings are 0.759, 0.767 and 0.793 for the USA, the UK, and France, respectively. The coefficients of the changes in earnings are 0.701, 0.612 and 0.669, for the US, UK and France, respectively. As far as the R2 is concerned, results indicate that French earnings (levels and changes) are more value relevant than the earnings in the USA and the UK, thus far though the financial reporting system in France in more conservative. The R2 for the level of earnings is 11.20%, 8.80% and 6.70% for France, the UK and the USA. The like ranking applies to the changes in earnings, although the R2 is somewhat lower, indicating that the level of earnings is more value relevant than the changes in earnings.As far as the value relevance of cash flows is concerned, as expected, results indicate that cash flows are value relevant in all t hree countries. All the coefficients of the levels and changes in cash flows are positive and statistically significant. The size of the coefficients of cash flows as well as the magnitude of the R2 are somewhat higher in the Anglo-Saxon countries, suggesting that cash flows could be less value relevant in France. Moreover, as it was expected the size of the earnings coefficients and the magnitude of the R2 are comparatively higher than the equivalent cash flow statistics. These results are consistent with our hypotheses, expectations and consistent with prior empirical evidence. This is due to the fact that earnings are considered more value relevant in the stock markets.4.2.2 Multivariate regression analysis results for examining the valuation of earnings and cash flows when the earnings are transitory.Hypothesis 1 predicts that the value relevance of earnings decreases when earnings are transitory and thus, the value relevance of cash flows is expected to improve in all three cou ntries when earnings are transitory.The issue of the earnings permanence has raised the stimulus in the present study in examining the role of operating cash flows when earnings are transitory. As Cheng, Liu and Schafer (1996) argue, earnings may contain transitory items with limited valuation implications. For example, transitory items that may be included are accruals such as losses due to restructuring, current recognition through sale of assets of previous periods, increases in market value, one-time impact on income from changes in accounting standards etc. Moreover, because of compensation contracts and debt covenants are usually based on profit, incentives exist for managers to introduce transitory elements in earnings and thus manipulate earnings.Results in plank 3 provide evidence to support hypothesis 1, that is, when earnings are transitory the role of earnings in stock markets decreases and the role of cash flows improves. Consistent with prior studies and with my theor etical framework, I included in my multivariate regression model in Table 3 both the level and changes of earnings and cash flows (Cheng, Liu and Schafer, 1996), in order to characterise the unexpected components of earnings and the unexpected components of cash flows from operations. This is done in order to test the hypothesis that when earnings are transitory the earnings response coefficients on both levels and changes will have reduced significance in explaining security returns. In this situation the importance of cash flows from operations will be greater. Therefore, in the model in Table 3, the coefficients c1t + c2t and c3t+ c4t represent the estimates of the earnings and cash flow response coefficients when earnings are mainly permanent. The coefficients c5t+ c6t and c7t+ c8t capture the additional information content of earnings and cash flows for firms with predominantly transitory earnings. It is expected that c5t+ c6t to be negative and c7t + c8t to be positive.Specifi cally, results in Table 3 indicate the following. First, as expected, the sum of the coefficients of earnings (c3+c4) are positive and statistically significant in all three countries, the USA, the UK and France. These results indicate that in all three countries, the earnings are taken into consideration in the valuation of stock prices by security analysts and investors. Second, as expected, the sum of the coefficients of cash flows is positive and statistically significant in all three countries. Again, these results show that cash flows are substantial to security analysts and investors in the USA, the UK and France for stock valuation purposes. These results are consistent with the results provided thus far in all previous models. Third, the sum of the coefficients of earnings c5+c6 is negative and statistically significant in all three countries, the UK, the USA and France. These results are consistent with my expectations and with my hypothesis. These results mean that when earnings are transitory, i.e. when the variation of the earnings compare to stock prices is relatively high (in the present study above its median), so the stock market does not perceive this information as good news and the relative importance of earnings on stock prices decreases. This is measured by the sum of the coefficients of (c1+c2) + (c5+c6). To give an example to make things clearer, let us assume that earnings are stable, not transitory. In that case the effect of earnings on stock prices in the UK will be 5.65 (sum of coefficients of earnings c1+c2). In contrast, when earnings are transitory for a firm in the UK, the effect of earnings on stock prices will not be 5.65 as above, but it will be 5.65 minus 4.933 (b5+b6), which is 0.68 only. So for, stable or permanent earnings firms in the UK the effect of earnings on stock prices is 5.65 whereas for transitory earnings firms the effect of earnings on stock prices in the UK is only 0.68.As far as the USA and France is conc erned the results are consistent with the UK results just discussed. Specifically, in the USA results indicate that when earnings are permanent the effect of earnings on stock prices is 5.88 (c1+c2), but when earnings are transitory (not permanent), then the effect of earnings on stock prices is only 1.08 (i.e. 5.88 minus 4.8 or c1+c2 minus c5+c6). Results in France also support the results of the UK and the USA. French results in Table 20 indicate that when earnings are permanent, the effect of earnings on stock prices is 5.66 (c1+c2), but when earnings are transitory (not permanent), then the effect of earnings on stock prices is only 1.15 (ie., 5.66 minus 4.51 or c1+c2 minus c5+c6).Fourth, as hypothesised, results in Table 3 support that the cash flow variables are taken into consideration by investors in investment decisions. Specifically, the sum of the coefficients of cash flows c3+c4 is positive and statistically significant in all three countries. For example, in the UK it i s 0.15, in the USA it is 0.095 and in France is 0.18. These results are consistent with the results provided thus far in all previous models and hypotheses.Fifth, as hypothesised, results in Table 3 support that when earnings are transitory, investors and security analysts in the UK and the USA pay more attention to cash flows. This is evidenced by the sum of the coefficients of cash flows c7+c8. For example, in the UK when earnings are transitory, stock prices are affected more by 0.03 (c7+c8) from changes in cash flows. Similarly, in the USA, when earnings are transitory, stock prices are affected by 0.02 more from changes in cash flows. These results are very interesting because they show that in Anglo-Saxon countries such as the USA and the UK, investors do pay additional attention to cash flows because they do know that earnings are of lower value when they are transitory. On the other hand, consistent with prior evidence in previous models and tables of this study, French anal ysts and investors pay more attention to earnings because their code law system make financial reporting in France much more conservative, and thus the variability of earnings is not that high as the variability of earnings in the UK and the USA.Sixth, in all countries examined, results support that the model is statistically significant and the variation of stock returns as explained by the R2 is 15.6 in the UK, 12.8 in the USA and 17.2% in France.In summary, results presented in Table 3 support my hypothesis that when earnings are transitory (not permanent), investors pay less attention to earnings and more attention to cash flows.5.0 ConclusionsConsistent with our hypotheses and our expectations, these results indicate that earnings and cash flow information is country specific, that is investors and financial analysts pay different attention to earnings and cash flows depending on the country under investigation and on whether earnings are transitory or permanent. Specifically, results indicate that earnings and cash flows are perceived differently by investors, depending on the country to which they belong. When earnings are transitory, investors in Anglo-Saxon countries penalize more these firms because the effect of earnings on stock returns is much more negative (c5+c6= -4.933 and -4.8 for UK and USA, respectively, whereas it is only -4.51 for France).The results of this study have practical implications as well and should be of great importance to the major stakeholders such as investors, creditors, financial analysts, especially with the latest events that are taking place, and the major collapses of giant organizations worldwide such as Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, among others. Regulatory bodies, investors, financial analysts and the financial press, blamed among others, the possible manipulation of financial information supplied to the investors by these organizations. The question raised, is whether this type of information is taken into consid eration by investors in their investment decisions.